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p  GIFT  OF 


A   SUPPLEMENTARY 


LATIN  COMPOSITION 


BY 


H.    C.    NUTTING,    Ph.D. 

ASSISTANT   PROFESSOR   OF   LATIN    IN    THE   UNIVERSITY 
OF   CALIFORNIA 


REVISED   AND   ENLARGED  EDITION 


ALLYN    AND    BACON 

Boston  antJ  Cljicago 


COPYRIGHT,  1901  and  1905. 
BY   H.   C.   NUTTING. 


ODD 


PREFACE. 


The  purpose  of  this  enlarged  and  revised  edition  of 
the  "Supplementary  Composition"  is  in  part  the  same 
as  that  of  the  original  volume;  namely,  to  provide  a 
series  of  concise  and  systematic  grammatical  tests  for 
students  who  have  completed  the  work  of  some  stand- 
ard composition  book.  The  Grammatical  Introduction 
and  Part  I  (Isolated  Sentences)  are  designed  to  meet 
this  need. 

The  division  of  Part  I  into  exercises  is  one  of  con- 
venience merely.  The  real  units  are  the  six  sections 
into  which  the  exercises  are  grouped,  the  student 
being  given  in  each  section  an  opportunity  to  illus- 
trate, at  least  once,  all  the  points  outlined  in  the 
Grammatical  Introduction.  The  six  sections,  there- 
fore, provide  six  separate  and  complete  examinations 
on  the  essential  principles  of  Latin  syntax.  The 
order  in  which  the  principles  occur  varies  from  sec- 
tion to  section,  as  does  also  the  guise  in  which  they 
appear,  the  aim  being  to  throw  the  student  upon  his 
0T\Ti  responsibility  as  much  as  possible,  and  to  lead 
him  to  recognize  the  constructions  when  and  wherever 
found.  If,  as  he  finishes  one  section,  he  be  required 
to  master  the  points  on  which  he  has  failed,  the  quality 
of  his  work  should  improve  in  the  succeeding  sections. 

ill 


28>''4(^i. 


iv  Preface. 

The  sentences  which  make  up  the  exercises  of  Part  I 
are  in  general  based  closely  upon  the  orations  and 
philosophical  works  of  Cicero.  Where  it  has  seemed 
necessary,  a  reference  to  the  Grammatical  Introduc- 
tion has  been  given.  The  suggestions  of  the  footnotes 
on  points  of  vocabulary  should  be  followed,  for  the 
principle  to  be  illustrated  sometimes  turns  upon  the 
use  of  the  word  suggested. 

Part  II,  which  contains  forty  exercises  in  con- 
nected discourse,  is  the  distinctly  new  feature  of  the 
present  volume.  These  exercises  are  so  arranged  as 
to  give  a  coherent  account  of  the  life  of  Catiline, 
beginning  with  his  birth  in  108  and  running  on  to  his 
death  in  62.  The  writer  has  observed  that  the  aver- 
age student  brings  to  college  very  hazy  and  incorrect 
notions  regarding  the  conspiracy  of  Catiline,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  Part  II  will,  among  other  things,  help 
to  remedy  this  state  of  affairs.  The  account  of  Cati- 
line's life  here  given  is  drawn  from  the  various  original 
sources,  and  is  therefore  not  based  upon  any  particular 
author  or  text.  At  the  same  time,  the  vocabulary  is 
largely  the  old  familiar  one  of  Cicero's  orations. 

In  their  grammatical  content  the  exercises  of  Part  II 
are  designed  to  provide  a  helpful  preparation  for  the 
composition  work  offered  in  the  larger  colleges  and 
universities  during  the  freshman  year.  This  general 
plan  has  found  instant  favor  with  the  Latin  teachers 
to  whom  it  has  been  broached,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
it  may  prove  equally  acceptable  to  those  to  whom  it 
is  now  for  the  first  time  presented. 

With  the  addition  of  these  exercises  in  continuous 


Preface.  v 

narrative,  this  manual  will  meet  a  variety  of  needs. 
If  a  strict  grammatical  review  is  all  that  is  desired, 
the  six  sections  of  Part  I  may  be  used.  On  the  other 
hand,  a  class  strong  in  grammar  might  with  profit 
confine  its  attention  to  the  continuous  discourse  of 
Part  II.  Or  again,  since  each  section  of  Part  I  is 
complete  in  itself,  one  or  two  sections  may  be  used  as 
a  rapid  grammatical  review,  the  rest  of  the  year  being 
spent  on  the  work  of  Part  II. 

I  would  here  again  express  my  obligation  to  Pro- 
fessor C.  E.  Bennett  of  Cornell  for  his  suggestions 
regarding  the  Grammatical  Introduction  made  when 
the  book  first  appeared.  In  the  work  of  revision  I 
have  found  very  helpful  the  suggestions  of  friends 
who  have  used  the  earlier  edition,  and  for  these  grate- 
ful acknowledgment  is  here  made. 

H.  C.  NUTTING. 
Berkeley,  California. 


CONTENTS. 


»o* 

PA6K 

Grammatical  Introduction 1 

Part  I.     ISOLATED    SENTENCES: 

Section  I 21 

Section  II 27 

Section  III     ... 33 

Section  IV 38 

Section  V ^ 43 

Section  VI      ....     , 43 

Part  II.     CONNECTED   DISCOURSE  : 

The  Story  of  Catiline 55 

Vocabulary 0     .     .  95 

List  of  Verbs 130 

List  of  Adjectives  and  Adverbs 1,35 


Vll 


In  grammatical  references  the  following  abbreviations  are 
used  :  — 

B.     Bennett's  Latin  Grammar. 
A.     Allen  and  Greenough's  New  Latin  Grammar. 
G.     Gildersleeve  and  Lodge's  Latin  Grammar. 
H.     Harkness'  Complete  Latin  Grammar. 


vni 


GRAMMATICAL   INTRODUCTION. 


SYNTAX   OF   THE   CASES. 

[In  the  Exercises,  reference  is  made  to  the  Grammatical  Intro- 
duction according  to  the  marginal  figures  at  the  right.] 

I.    Accusative  Case. 

1.  Extent  of  Time  and  Space.  (1 

This  construction  occurs  also  with  the  participle 
7idtus  in  stating  a  person's  age. 

B.  181 ;  A.  423-425 ;  G.  334  ff.;  H.  417. 

2.  Double  Accusative.  (2 

With  verbs  of  teaching  (docere),  asking  and  de- 
manding Q'ogdre,  poscere),  and  concealing  (ce- 
Idre).  In  the  passive,  the  accusative  of  the  per- 
son becomes  the  subject,  and  the  accusative  of 
the  thing  is  retained.  Note,  however,  that  in- 
stead of  a  second  accusative,  pefere  takes  ah,  and 
quaerere  ciIk  de,  or  ex,  and  the  ablative  ot  tKeperson. 
This  prepositional  construction  occurs  also  with 
poscere,  postulCire,  and  JIdr/ildre. 

B.  178  ;  A.  396  ;  G.  339  ;  H.  411. 

3.  Accusative  of  Eesult  Produced  (in  its  use  as  Cog- 

nate Accusative).  (3 

Here  there  are  two  important  varieties ;  the 
accusative  may  repeat  the  verb  idea,  e.g.  tutam 
vitam  vlcere,  or  it  may  be  a  colorless  pronoun  or 
adjective  which  gains  its  specific  meaning  from 

1 


Latin  Composition  —  Introduction. 


the  verb,  e.g.  multa  errare,  'to  make  many  mis- 
takes.' 

B.   176.   2  and   4;    A.  390  and  c;    G.  333; 

H.  409. 

4.   Accusative  of  Exclamation.  (4 

B.  183 ;  A.  397.  d ;  G.  343.  1 ;  H.  421. 

II.    Dative  Case. 

1.  Indirect  Object. 

(a)    With  transitive  verbs.  (5 

B.  187.  I;    A.  362;  G.  345;  H.  424. 

(h)    AVith  intransitive  verbs.  (6 

Such  as  are  translated  'to  favor,  help,  please,' 
etc.  But  some  verbs  so  translated  take  the  ac- 
cusative, notably  iuvdre,  adiuvare,  laedere,  and 
delectdre. 

B.  187.  II.  a  and  n.  ;  A.  367 ;  G.  346  and  n. 
3 ;  H.  426. 

(a)  Impersonal  construction  in  the  passive,  and 
dative  retained.  (7 

B.  187.  II.  6;  A.  372;  G.  346.  r.  1 ;  H.  426.  3. 

(c)    With  verbs  compounded  with  ad,  unte,  con, 

etc.  (8 

These  may  be  either  transitive  (as  anteponere) , 
or  intransitive  (as  subvenire).  Xote,  however, 
that  some  such  compounds  (as  conservdre)  can- 
not take  an  indirect  object;  to  apply  the  rule 
correctly  it  is  necessary  to  know  the  verbs  indi- 
vidually. 

B.  187.  Ill ;   A.  370  and  b ;   G.  347,  and  cf. 

331 ;  H.  429. 


Syntax  of  the  Cases. 


2.   Dative  of  Reference.  (9 

B.  188.  I ;  A.  376 ;  G.  350  ff. ;  H.  425.  2. 

(a)    With  verbs  expressingseparation.  (10 

The  dative  re^ulavly  refers  to  a  person  rather 


B.  188.  2.  d;  A.  381;  G.  347.  r.  5;  H.  429.  2. 

3.  Dative  of  Possessor.  (11 

B.  190;  A.  373;  G.  349;  H.  430. 

4.  Dative  of  the  Agent.  (12 

Used  regularly  with   the  gerundive;  sometimes 
with  the  compound  tenses  of  the  passive  voice. 

B.  189;  A.  374-375;  G.  354-355;  H.  431. 

(a)    Direct  agency  expressed  also  by  the  abla- 
tive with  ab.  (13 
B.  216 ;  A.  405  ;  G.  401 ;  H.  468. 

(h)  Interniediat£_agency  expressed  by  the  accu- 
sative witli  £er,  or  by  a  genitive  or  posses- 
sive with  opera.  (1^ 

A.  405.  h ;  G.  401 ;  H.  468.  3. 

5.  Dative  of  Service  and  Purpose.  (15 

This  dative  is  usually  the  singular  of  an  abstract 
noun,  and  is  often  accompanied  by  a  dative  of 
the  person. 

B.  191 ;  A.  382  ;  G.  356  ;  H.  433. 

6.  Dative  with  adjectives  denoting  fitness,  nearness,  like- 

ness, etc.  (1" 

B.  192  ;  A.  384 ;  G.  359  ;  H.  434. 


Latin  Composition  —  Introduction. 


III.     Genitive  Case. 

1.  Genitive  with  Nouns. 

(a)  Possessive  Genitive. 

(a)  Mens,  tuus,  etc.,  used  instead  of  the  posses- 
sive genitive  of  personal  and  reflexive  pronouns.     (17 

A.  343.  a;  G.  362.  r.  1 ;  H.  440.  1.  n.  2. 

(/?)  Possessive  genitive  in  the  predicate  when 
the  subject  of  the  sentence  is  an  infinitive.  (18 

B.  198.  3 ;  A.  343.  c ;  G.  366.  r.  2 ;  H.  439.  5. 

(b)  Genitive  of  Quality  or  Characteristic.  (19 

Requires  a  modifier,  and  may  stand  in  the  predi- 
cate. It  usually  denotes  permanent  and  es- 
sential characteristics,  and  is  used  always  in 
referencgs_tonumber,  measure^ime,  and  space. 

B.  203.  1  and  2 ;  A.  345 ;  G.  365 ;  H.  440.  3. 

(c)  Genitive  of  the  Whole  (Partitive  Genitive).    (20 

B.  201;  A.  346;  G.  367;  H.  441. 

(a)  Nostrum  and  vestrum,  genitives  of  the  whole ; 
nostri  and  vestri,  met,  tui,  sul,  objective  genitives.     (21 

B.  242.  2 ;  A.  143.  &  and  c ;    G.  364.  r.  and 

N.2;  H.  175.  2. 

2.  Genitive  with  Adjectives.  (22 

Mostly  objective  ;  sometimes  of  reference  (speci- 
fication) . 

B.  204;  A.  349;  G.  374;  H.  450. 


Syntax  of  the  Cases. 


(a)   AVitli  si  mil  is.  (23 

Genitive  used  commonly  when  the  reference  is 
to  living  objects;  both  genitive  and  datiye__Qi. 
inanimate  things. 

B.  204.  3;  A.  385.  c.  2;  G.  359.  x.  4;  H.  435. 
4.  X. 

G-enitive  with  Verbs. 

(a)    Genitive  of  Value  and  Price.  (24 

With  verbs  of  buying  the  use  is  restricted  to  tantl, 
quantl,  pluris,  and  minoris.  Other  expressions  of 
price  are  in  the  ablative.  BuVsvith  verbs  of  valu- 
ing more  genitives  are  used,  as  parvi,  mdgni,  etc. 

B.  203.   3  and  4;    A.   417  and  c;    G.  379; 
H.  448.  1. 

(6)    With  verbs  of  remembering  and  forgetting.    (25 

(a)  Personal  andreflexive  pronouns  regularly  inV^ 
genitive. 

(^)  Other  references  to  persons  in  genitive  with 
ohhvisci ;  in  the  accusative  with  meminissej  ex^c&^t 
when  used  in  the  sense  '  be  mindful  of.' 

(y)    References  to  things  in  either  genitive  or 
accusative  ;  but  TjRiit|gjj^jtfjymmins  rp  (yiil?^.rljp^i  thel^ 
accusative. 

B.  206 ;  A.  350 ;  G.  376 ;  H.  454. 

(c)    With  verbs  of  judicial  action.  (26 

The  ablative,  too,  is  used  of  the  penalty ;  regu- 
larly when  this  is  a  fine  of  definite  amount. 

B.  208  ;  A.  352,  353.  1 ;  G.  378 ;  H.  456. 


Latin  Composition  —  Introduction. 


(c?)    With  impersonal  verbs  (miseret,  etc.).  "  (27 

B.  209;  A.  354.  6;  G.  377;  H.  457. 

(e)    With  interest  (and  refert).  (28 

i  Referring  to  the  first  or  second  person,  either 
1  verb  is  used  with  mea,  tud,  etc.     So  also  with  the 
reflexive  suM;  but  in  other  references  to  the  third 
person  m^erggjja_used^with  the  genitive. 

B.  211;  A.  355;  G.  381;  H.  449. 

IV.     Ablative  Case. 

1.  Ablative  of  Separation.  (29 

(a)    Verbs    of    freeing,    depriving,    or    lacking, 
usually  without  a  preposition. 

(13)  Other  verbs  may  be  used  with  a&,  de,  or  ex  ; 
regularly  so  when  the  ablative  denotes  a  person, 
and  often  when  the  verb  is  compounded  with 
ab,  de,  dit^-,  ex,  or  se-. 

B.  214;  A.  400-402;  G.  390;  H.  461. 

2.  Ablative  of  Source.  (30 

B.  215;  A.  403;  cf.  G.  395;  H.  467. 

3.  Ablative  with  a  comparative.  (3] 

Allowed  when  the  first  term  of  the  comparison 
is  a  nominative  or  accusative,  and  required  in 
sweeping^  negations  and  questions  equivalent 
fHereto.  With  other  cases  thaiuthe  nomiii ati ve 
^nd  accusativethe  qumn;:£im2i>niii^ri  must  be 
us^.  "~- ^ 

B.  217;  A.  406;  G.  398;  H.  471. 


Syntax  of  the  Cases. 


4.  Ablative  of  Accompaniment.  (32 

Cum  is  regularly  used  -with  this  ablative,  but  may 
be  omitted  in  military  phrases  when  the  noun  is 
modified  by  some  adjective  other  than  a  numeral. 

B.  222;  A.  413;  G.  392;  H.  473.  1. 

5.  Ablative  of  Quality  or  Characteristic.  (33 

Requires  a  modifier.  Often  not  to  be  distin- 
gmshed  in  meaning  from  the  corresponding  use 
of  the  genitive ;  but  employed  regularly  in  ref- 
erences to  bodily  characterjsticir'and  preferred 
when  the  modifier  is  par  or  any  adjective  in  -is,     , 

B.  224;  A.  415;  G.  400;  H.  473.  2. 

6.  Ablative  of  Manner  and  of  Attendant  Circumstance.     (34 

Cum  is  required  if  the  noun  has  no  attribute ; 
otherwise  it  is  optional^  'Manner'  is  differenti- 
ated from  '  Attendant  Circumstance  '  by  the  fact 
that  it  is  regularly  restricted  to  abstract  words, 
e.g.  celeritdte,  virtute.  etc.  ^^ 

B.  220-221;  A.  412;  G.  399;  H.  473.  3. 

7.  Ablative  of  Cause.  (35 

B.  219;  A.  404;  G.  408;  H.  475. 
(a)    With  gaudere,  laetari,  maerere,  etc.  (36 

B.  219.  1)  A.  431;  G.  408;  H.  475. 

8.  Ablative  of  Means.  (37 

B.  218;  A.  409;  G.  401;  H.  476. 
(a)    With  utor,  fruor,  etc.  (38 

B.  218.  1;  A.  410  andx.;  G.  407;  H.  477.  I. 


8  Latin  Composition  —  Introduction. 

(h)    With  opus  (rarely  usus).  (39 

B.  218.  2;  A.  411;   G.  406;  H.  477.  III. 

(c)  With  verbs  of  abounding  and  filling,  and 

with  adjectives  of  plenty.  (40 

^ut  jMnus  more  often  takes  the  genitive. 

B.  218.  8;  A.  409.  a;  G.  405;  H.  477.  II. 

(d)  Ablative  of  Price.  (41 

.  Under  this  heading  are  included  mCignv,  plu- 
rimo,  parvo,  and  minimo,  which  express  Indefinite 
Price. 

B.  225;  A.  416;  G.  404;  H.  478. 

(e)  AVith  contentus,  fretus,  and  2^raeditus.  (42 
B.  218.  3;  A.  431.  «;  G.  401.  n.  6;  H.  476.  1. 

9.    Ablative  of  Degree  of  Difference.  (43 

B.  223;  A.  414;  G.  403;  H.  479. 

10.  Ablative  of  Specification.  (44 

B.  226;  A.  418;  G.  397;  H.  480. 
(a)    With  dignus  and  indignus.  (45 

B.  226.  2;  A.  418.  6;  G.  397.  n.  2;  H.  481. 
(6)    Supines  in  -ft.  (46 

B.  340.  2;  A.  510;  G.  436;  H.  635. 

11.  Ablative  of  Place  Where.  (47 

Prppnsitinp_isnot  reguired  when  the  noun   is 
modified  bysuch  adjectives  as  totus,  omnis,  etc., 


Syntax  of  the  Cases. 


and  ill  certain.- set  expressions,  as  terra  marigue ; 
so  also  loco  and  parte,  especially  when  modified. 

B.  228  ;  A.  426-429.  2  j  G.  385-388 ;  H.  483, 
485.  1  and  2. 

(a)    Locative.  (48 

Regularly  of  names  of  towns  and  small  islands; 
so  domi,  ruri,  and  hinrii. 

B.  232 ;  A.  427.  3 ;  G.  411 ;  H.  482  ff. 

12.  Ablative  of  Time  When  and  WitMn  Which.  (49 
B.  230-231;  A.  423;  G.  393;  H.  486. 

(a)    Dating.  (50 

If  the  English  date  coincides  with  the  Calends, 
Nones,  or  Ides,  the  Ablative  of  Time  When  is 
used.  If  it  falls  on  the  day  before  any  of  _th£aa, 
pridie  (  pr.)  _is  prefixed  tothe_accusative.  Other 
dates  are  reckoned  as  '  so  many  days  before  the 
Calends,'  etc.,  and  are  commonly  written  in  an 
abbreviated  form;  e.g.  VIII  Kal.  Oct.  After 
finding  the  real  number  of  days  between  the 
date  in  question  and  the  Calends,  Nones,  or 
Ides,  it  is  necessary  to  add  one  day,  for  the 
Romans  counted  the  day  at  both  ends  of  a  period 
of  time.  It  should  be  noted  also  that  the  Cal- 
ends are  the  first  day  of  the  month  following 
that  in  which  the  date  falls  ;  i.e.  for  purposes  of 
dating,  June  1,  for  instance,  is  May  32. 

B.  371 ;  A.  631 ;  G.  Appendix ;  H.  754. 

13.  Ablative  Absolute.  (51 
B.  227;  A.  419;  G.  409;  H.  489. 


10  Latin   Composition  —  Introduction. 

V.     Motion   to   and   from   tovsrns  and  small 
islands;    also  domus  and  rus. 

1.  Limit  of  Motion.  (52 

'  Into   the   neighborhood  of '  may  be  expressed 
by  ad  and  the  accusative. 

B.    182;    A.   427.    2,    428.   a;    G.   337;    H. 

418-419. 

2.  Motion  From.  (53 

B.  229.  1 ;  A.  427.  1 ;  G.  391  ;  H.  462  and  4. 


SYNTAX   OF   THE   VERB. 

I.     Subjunctive  in  Independent  Sentences. 

1.   Non-interrogative. 

(a)   Volitive  Subjunctive  (in  its  hortatory,  jus- 
sive, and  concessive  uses).  (54 
B.  274-275 ;  A.  439 ;  G.  263  ;  H.  559. 

(5)    Optative  Subjunctive.  (55 

The  present  tense  refers  to  the  future ;  the  im- 
perfect expresses  a  regret  that  something  is  or 
is  not,  the  pluperfect,  that  it  ivas  or  icas  not ;  the 
latter  tenses  require  utinam. 

B.  279 ;  A.  441 ;  G.  260-261 ;   H.  558. 

(c)    Potential  Subjunctive.  (56 

Note  especially  this  use  in  verbs  of  perception 
whose  subject  is  the  indefinite  second  singular. 

B.  280 ;  A.  445  ff. ;  G.  257-258 ;  H.  552-556. 


Syntax  of  the  Verb.  11 


2.    Interrogative. 

(a)   In  deliberative  questions. 

B.  277;  A.  444;  G.  265;  H.  559.  4. 

(h)    In  repudiating  or  rejecting  questions.* 

These  reject  the  will  or  thought  of  another  con- 
cerning the  speaker's  action;  less  often  the 
speaker  rejects  such  Nvill  or  thought  directed 
upon  some  one  else. 

B.  277 ;  A.  444.  a ;  G.  259,  558 ;  H.  559.  5. 

II.     Prohibitions.  (59 

(a)    noli  and  nolite  with  infinitive. 
(^)  cave  (ne)  and  subjunctive. 
B.  276;  A.  450;  G.  271;  H.  561. 

III.     Substantive    Clauses. 

1.  OfEesult.  (60 

With  verbs  of  bringing  to  pass,  happening,  and 
following. 

B.  297;  A.  568;  G.  553;  H.  571. 

2.  Developed  from  the  Volitive. 

(a)   With  verbs  of  hindering,  preventing,  etc.       (61 

The  conjunctions  are  quln,  (luOminus,  and  ^ 
Quin  is_ji£ed  onl;y-  after__neg;ativ_e  ^ntences  or 
questions  equivalent  thereto. 

B.  295.  ^    A.  558  and  b-,  G.  549,  554-555; 

H.  568.  8,  595.  2,  596.  2. 

*  Some  grammars  make  58  a  subordinate  class  of  57. 


12  Latin  Coynposition  —  Introduction. 


(h)   With  verbs  of  aclmoiiislnng,  commanding, 

etc.  (Substantive  Purpose).  (62  a 

B.  295;  A,  563;  G.  546;  H.  mo, 
3.   Developed  from  the  Optative. 

(a)    With  verbs  of  wishing  and  desiring    (Sub- 
stantive Purpose).  (62  6 
B.  296.  1;  A.  563;  G.  546;  H.  m5. 
(h)   With  verbs  of  fearing.  (63 

Ne  non  (rather  than  ut)  is  used  after  negative 
expressions  and  questions  equivalent  thereto. 

B.  296.  2;  A.  564;  G.  550;  H.  567. 

IV.     Purpose  and  Result. 
1.   Purpose. 

(a)  Ut,  ne,  quo,  and  qui  with  the  subjunctive.      (64 

Quoisto  becjiQgen  when  there  is  a  comparative 
in  the  purpose  c^aruse.  The  present  and  the  im- 
perfect are  the  tenses  regularly  employed  in 
purpose  clauses. 

B.  282;  A.  529-531;  G.  543.  3,  545;  H.  568. 

(b)  Supine  in  -um  with  verbs  of  motion.  (65 
B,  340.  1;  A.  509;  G.  435;  H.  633. 

(c)  Gerundive  and  Gerund.-  (66 

Accusative  with  ad,  and  the  genitive  with  causa 
or  gratia.  The  gerundive  of  transitive  verbs 
should  be  used,  the  gerund  of  intransitive. 

B.  338-339;  A.  533;  G.  544.  r.  2;  H.  626.  3, 

628. 


Syntax  of  the  Verb.  13 


2.   Result.  (67 

Ut,  ut  non,  and  qui  with  the  subjunctive. 
B.  284;  A.  536-537;  G.  552;  H.  570. 

V.     Conditional   Sentences. 

1.  Nothing  impHed  as  to  the  reality  of  the  supposed 

case  (Simijle  or  Logical  Conditions).  (68 

B.302;  A.  515-516;  G.  595;  H.  574. 
(a)    Subjunctive  of  the  present  or   perfect  in 
protasis  when  the  subject  of  the  verb  is  the 
indefinite  second  singular.  (69 

B.  302.  2;  A.  518.  a;  G.  595.  r.  3;  H.  578.  2. 

2.  Supposed   case    represented    as    contingent   (Less 

Vivid  Future  or  Ideal  Conditions).  (70 

These  differ  from  those  under  (1)  as  'If  I 
should  do'  differs  from  'If  I^^shall)  do'  in 
English. 

B.  303;  A.  516.  2;  G.  596;  H.  576. 

3.  Supposed  case  represented  as  contrary  to  fact  (Un- 

real Conditions).  (<^ 

B.  304 ;  A.  517  ;  G.  597 ;  H.  579. 

VI.     Concessive  Clauses. 
1.    Conceding  a  fact. 

(a)    Quamqucm^^ets^^LQ^  (72 

B.  309.   2;  A.   527.    c  and  c/;    G.  604-605; 
H.  586.  I. 


14 


Latin  Composition  —  Introduction. 


(Ij)    Cum  with^siibjiirictive,  (73 

B.  309.  3 ;  A.  549 ;  G.  587 ;  H.  598. 

2.    Conceding  a_£ossibility. 

(a)    Quamvis,  licet,  ut,  ajiAnejwith  subjunctive.    (74 

B.  309.  1  and  4;  A.  527.  a  and  b;  G.  606- 
608 ;  H.  5S6.  II. 


VII.     Causal  Constructions. 

1.    Cum  with,  subjunctive. 

B.  286.  2;  A.  549;  G.  586;  H.  598. 


(75 


2.    Quod,  quia,  and  quoniam  with  indicative  and 

subjunctive.  (76 

The  indicative^should  be  used  when  the  speaker 
is  willing  to  vouch  for  the  reason,  whatever 
the  sourcB'OThis  information.  If  he  wishes  to 
disclaim  responsibility  for  the  truth  of  the 
statement,  the  subjunctive  is  to  be  used.  The 
subjunctive  clause  may  be  represented  in  English 
by  '  because,  as  he  said,' '  because,  as  it  was  said,' 
etc. 

B.  286. 1 ;  A.  540  ;  G.  539  £f. ;  H.  588. 1  and  II. 


VIII.     Time  Relations. 

1.    Postquain^__ubi,  and  ut  with  indicative.  (77 

Note  that  in  this  group  antecedence  of^,ai<t.iou  is 
not  as  carefully  indicated  as  in  some  other  Latin 
constructions. 

B.  287;  A.  543;  G.  561-563;  H.  602. 


Syntax  of  the  Verb.  15 


2.  Cum.  with  indicative  and  subjunctiifL.  (78 

Theoretically,  in  references  to  the  past,  the  in- 
dicative is  to  be  used  when  the  temporal  clause 
defines  the  time  of  the  action  of  the  verb  of  the 
main  clause,  e.g.  '  (It  was)  when  I  was  walking 
down  the  street  (that)  I  met  him,'  the  subjunc- 
tive, on  the  other  hand,  being  used  in  clauses 
that  merely  describe  the  circumstances  of  the 
action  of  the  main  clause.  But  in  practice  the 
subrJim^&tiveds  the  prevailing jornij  and  it  Ts  oflen 
used  where  there  is  little  descriptive  force. 

B.  288 ;  A.  545-546 ;  G.  580,  585 ;  H.  600. 

3.  Antequam  and  priusquam  with  indicative  and 

subjunctive.  '     "  (79 

The  use  of  the  subjunctive  indicates  suspense  on 
the  part  of  the  subject  of  the  verb  of  the  main 
clause ;  e.g.  effugere  cOnatus  est,  priusquam  Ro- 
mdni  venlrent.  The  indicative  is  used  of  events 
regarded  by  the  narrator  as  historical,  or  certain 
to  come  to  pass ;  accordingly,  the  substitution  of 
veneriint  for  venlrent  in  the  above  sentence  would 
alter  the  meaning  to  '  before  the  Romans  arrived, 
he  made  an  effort  to  escape.' 

B.  291  ff. ;  A.  550-551 ;  G.  574-577;  H.  605. 

4.  Duin,  donee,  and  quoad  with  subjunctive.  (80 

This  mood  is  used  when  suspense  or  design  is  JU-^ 

involved...  ""      ^^       'puuv^^  t^ A^Ai 

B.  293.  III.  2 ;  A.  553  ;  G.  572 ;  H.  603.  II.  2.^-  ""^^ 

IX.     Indirect  Discourse. 
1.   Infinitive  and  subject  accusative.  (81 

B.  314 ;  A.  580 ;  G.  650 ;  H.  642. 


16 


Latin  Composition  —  Introduction. 


2.  Tenses  of  the  infinitive.  (82 

B.  270;  A.  584;  G.  530;  H.  617  ff. 

3.  Subjunctive  in  subordinate  clauses.  (83 

B.  314 ;  A.  580  ;  G.  650  ;  H.  643. 

4.  Conditional  sentences  in  indirect  discourse.  (84 

In  the  apodoses  of  contrary  to_fact,  conditional 
sentences  the  imj3erffict_aj]Ld^th.^_£l;i£^'fect  sub- 
jnnctive  alike  are  represented  by  the  form-^:L^ 
fuisse. 

B.  319  ff.;  A.  589;  G.  656  £f.;  H.  646-648. 


X.     Miscellaneous. 

1.  Conditional  Clauses  of  Com^ari^on.  (85 

Introduced  by  qunsi^tainguam  (.s7),  etc.  Though 
the  conditions  are  usually  contrary  to  fact,  Latin 
generally  chooses  the  presentajidperfeat^STib- 
junctive  when  the  seguenceisj^i^gary. 

B.  307 ;  A.  524 ;  G.  602 ;  H.  584. 

2.  Proviso  with  dum,  dumiiiodo,  and  mode  (86 

B.  310;  A.  528;  G.  573;  H.  587. 

3.  Quin  with  subjunctive  after  various  negative  ex- 

pressions and  questions  equivalent  thereto.  (87 

(a)    In  characteristic  and  result  clauses. 
(/3)  With  non  duUtare  (in  the  sense_^fJ_doiibt '). 

B.  283.  4,  284.  ^,  298;  A.  558.  a,  559 ;  G.  ^^5. 
2,  556,  632 ;  H.  595. 


Syntax  of  the  Verb.  17 

4.   Subjunctive  of  Characteristic.  (88 
(a)    In  clauses  expressing  tendency. 

(^)   After  general  expressions  of  existence  and  «■ 


non-existence. 

(y)   In  clauses  with  a  coloring  of  cause  or  con- 
cession.^   C^Ui^i  ^      ~ 

B.  283 ;  A.  535 ;  G. 
592,  593.  2. 


Q  a  coloring  of  cause  or  con-  /      ^ 

't.   631,  633-634;  H.  59W  ^ 


5.  Subjunctive  in  indirect  questions.  (89 

B.  300 ;  A.  573-575 ;  G.  467 ;  H.  649.  II. 

6.  Subjunctive  by  attraction.  (90 

B.  324 ;  A.  593 ;  G.  663 ;  H.  652. 

7.  Impersonal  use  of  intransitive  verbs  in  gerundive  con- 

struction.- (91 

B.  339.  4  ;  A.  500.  3 ;  G.  427.  x.  4 ;  H.  621.  2. 

8.  Gerund  and  Gerundive  in  noun  constructions^  (92 

Use  the  gerundive  of  transitive  verbs. 

B.  338-339;  A.   501-502;    G.  425-427;    H. 
625. 


PART   1 
ISOLATED  SENTENCES 


SECTION   I. 


EXERCISE    1. 

1.  Youths  enjoy  these  pleasures.  2.  He  is  aging' 
in  body,  but  not  in  mind.  3.  It  will  be  agreeable  to 
both  of  us.  4.  May  the  immortal  gods  avert  this ! 
5.  Caesar  left  his "  home  with  jo}^''^  6.  The  cause  of 
SuUa  does  not  appeal  to  him   as   much'*  as  to  me. 

7.  If  some  one  should  grant  "^  it  to  me,  I  should  refuse. 

8.  He  remembers  to  whom  he  is  in  debt.^  9.  I  am 
afraid  that  he  will  come.  10.  Old  age  takes  us  away 
from  business.''  11.  He  was  associated^  with  Cati- 
line. 12.  There  will  be  a  slaughter  of  good  men  at 
Rome  on  September  10.  13.  Do  not  think  that  I 
shall  be  here.  14.  Tiberius  Gracchus  reigned  a  few 
months.       15.  Cease  to  think  of  ^  fire  and  slaughter. 

1  Lit.  is  old.  ^  coniunctus.     Introd.     32. 

2  Omit.  (Reference  is  made  to  the 
^  laetus.  Grammatical  Introduction  ac- 
*  Lit.  is  not  so  pleasing,  etc.  cording  to  tiie  numbers  at  the 
^  largiri.  right  margin.) 

6  debere.  ^  ohlivisci. 

■^  res  gerendae. 


21 


22  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE  2. 

1.  Though  {mm)  he  was  augur,  he  ventured  to  say 
this.  2.  Within  a  few  days  he  will  be  made  high 
priest.  3.  He  waged  war  when  he  was  an  old  man. 
4.  Before  I  commence  to  speak  of  ^  the  state,  I  shall 
say  a  few  words  about  Antonius.  5.  They  said 
they  were  bearing  a  load  heavier  than  a  mountain. 
6.  Very  pleasant  is  the  old  age  of  those  who  are 
cherished  by  the  young.  7.  He  was  summoned  to 
court  ^  by  his  sons,  that  there  might  be  an  investiga- 
tion. 8.  Old  age  does  not  prevent  us  from  retain- 
ing^ a  love  of  the  country.  9.  I  never  subscribed'* 
to  that  sentiment.  10.  He  thought  so  highly^  of 
Cicero  that  he  wished  to  go  with  him  into  exile. 
11.  Exercise  had  preserved  a  measure  ^  of  the  Gaul's 
strength.  12.  He  rules  over  people  who  are  unwill- 
ing to  obey  their  officers.^  13.  He  is  a  man  of  great 
strength.  14.  Atticus  bought  the  books  for  90,000 
sesterces.  15.  You  understand  already,  although  I 
have  not  told  you  all.  16.  He  advanced,  relying  on 
the  power  of  the  senate. 

1  de.  ^  Forms  of  facere  and  tan- 

2  Use  in  ludicium  vocdre.        tus ;  Introd.  24. 

8  Introd.  61.  ^  Lit.  something. 

*  assentlri.  "^  praepositus. 


Exercises  —  Section  I.  23 


EXERCISE  3. 

1.  Eashness  is  characteristic  ^  of  youth,  prudence  of 
old  age.  2.  Caesar  accomplished  much-  greater  and 
better  results.^  3.  I  beg  you  to  remain  in  this  town. 
4  Are  you  waiting  for  ^  us  to  cast  you  out  ?  5.  With 
the  legions  he  returned  victorious  from  Thessaly  to 
Brundisium.  6.  Then  the  old  man  is  said  to  have 
written  a  book.  7.  He  says  he  would  not  have 
reached  the  gate,  if  he  had  stopped  at  Brundisium. 
8.  Good  men  should  be  counted^  happy,  even  though 
their  strength  may  have^  failed.  9.  There  is  no  one 
from  whom '  I  may  learn.  10.  I  should  prefer  to 
be  upright  and   poor,  rather   than  wicked  and  rich. 

11.  With  what  valor   did  Fabius   retake  Tarentum  ! 

12.  He  does  not  wish  his  death  to  be  marked  by  ^ 
lamentation.  13.  If  you  are  disgusted  with  such 
citizens,  show  it.^  14.  This  must  be  endured  with 
resignation «  by  the  wise.  15.  Nothing  is  so  like 
death  as  sleep. 

1  Omit.  ®  Study  Introd.  72-74. 

2  Introd.  43.  ^  unde. 

3  Use  dum.  '  Lit.  abound  in. 

4  Use  putdre.  ^  Use  aequus  animus. 


24  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE  4. 

1.  Death  is  easy  for  the  old.  2.  Peace  was  con- 
firmed through  his  agency  ^  and  that  ^  of  his  children. 
3.  Philo  never  exalted^  himself  over  friends  of  lower 
rank.  4.  They  thought  it  to  their  interest  ^  to  appear 
grateful.  5.  Sulla  was  in  a  part  of  Italy  that  is 
most  free  from  storms.  6.  A  few  days  before  his 
death  he  spoke  on  immortality,  just  as  though  he  knew 
that  he  would  soon  die.  7.  Let  us  look  into^  these 
matters.  8.  They  led  up  an  old  man  to  take  a  seat.^ 
9.  Albinus  used  to  mourn  because,  as  he  said,  he  had 
no  friends  to  help  him.  10.  It  is  a  thing  -  most  dread- 
ful to  hear.  11.  When  (iihi)  this  had  been  heard,  they 
raised  a  cry.  12.  If  our  fleet  is  not  great,  where  will 
be  the  name  and  dignity  of  the  state  ?  13.  Every 
man  has"  enough  of  his  own  troubles.  14.  To  me, 
friendship  seems  to  spring  from  likeness  of  character. 
15.  Your  father  was  the  first  to  subdue  the  Cartha- 
ginians with  a  fleet. 


& 


1  Introd.  14.  ^  cogitdre  de. 

2  Omit.  6  introd.  65. 
^  anteponere.  "^  Introd.  11. 
*  Introd.  28. 


Exercises  —  Section  I.  25 


EXERCISE  5. 

1.  Youths  delight  in  the  precepts  of  old  men. 
2.  He  demanded  of  ^  the  parents  a  price  for  ^  the  burial 
of  their  children.       3.   They  are  enduring  servitude.^ 

4.  I  am  concerned^  as  to^  what  sort  of  man^  he  is. 

5.  He  secured  fame,  not  by  his  own  merits,  but  by 
those  ^  of  the  state.  6.  Why  should  I  fear,*^  if  I  am 
to  be  happy  after  death  ?  7.  If  one  '  cannot  become 
an  orator  himself,  still  he  can  help  a  Scipio  or  a 
Laelius.  8.  With  regard  to  this  matter^  there  is 
no  need^  of  many  words.  9.  I  do  not  wish  this 
blessing  taken  from^  me.  10.  Since  (cum)  the  mind 
is  eternal,  it  will  have  no  end  of  motion.  11.  No  one 
is  so  old  as  (qui)  not  to  think  that  he  can  live  a  year. 
12.  0  glorious  day  when  I  shall  proceed  to  that  divine 
assembly!  13.  Before  the  praetor  Gains  Caesar,^^ 
Rufus  was  judged  guilty  of  wrong.  14.  This  came 
to  pass  because  of"  the  injustice  of  the  praetor. 

1  Introd.  2.  ''  Translate  by  the   second 

2  pro.  person. 

3  Lit.  are  serving  out  (ser-  ^  non  opus  esse, 
vire)  a  slavery.                                    ^  Introd.  10. 

*  Use  a  case-form  of  cura.  ^^  Ablative  absolute. 

5  Omit.  ^^  Case-form. 

6  Introd.  58. 


26  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   6. 

1.  Nothing  is  done  in  their  absence.-'       2.   If  you 
had  not  lost  the  city,  I  should  not  have  retaken  it. 

3.  I  made  -  you  understand  what  these  thought  of  you. 

4.  I  never  doubted  that  our  souls  were  a  part  of  the 
universal  mind.       5.  I  sent  the  soldier  to  get  ^  water. 

6.  This   season   is  suited  "*   to  the   reaping  of  fruit. 

7.  The  onset  of^  old  age  must  be  resisted.  8.  He 
said  that  there  were  two  crimes  to  which  the  lust  for 
power  would  drive  Catiline.  9.  Happiness  is  as- 
sured, if  only  health  remains.  10.  What  shall  I  say 
of  Caesar's  acts  ?  11.  Murena's  style  ^  was  unworthy 
a  philosopher.  12.  It  is  perhaps  hard  for  those  who 
like^  such  things  to  be  without  them.^  13.  I  could 
never  be  persuaded  that*  our  souls  die  when  they 
leave  these  bodies.  14.  You  ask  that  I  send  you  the 
writings  which  I  have  completed  since  your  departure. 

1  Introd.  51.  6  Qmit. 

2  Introd.  60.  6  consuetudo  scribendi. 
8  Introd.  66.  -  Lit.  are  desirous  of. 

*  accomoddtus.  s  introd.  81. 


SECTION   II. 


EXERCISE   7. 

1.  The  work  is  heavy  ^  and  abounds  in  difficulties. 
2.  Who  would  deny  that  he  is  a  good  man  ?       3.  :N'one 
have  2  a  just  excuse  ^  for  ^  taking  up  arms.       4.  To-day 
is  August  13.       5.  There  is  no  one  who  does  not  like 
to  use  ^  a  horse.       6.  Virtue  rises  above  ®  love  of  self. 
7.  The  foolish  fellow'  fixed  its  value  at  a  very  low 
figure.^      8.  What,  pray,  is  Hortensius  to  do  ?      9.  The 
body,  too,  must  be  cared  for.«       10.  With  what  en- 
thusiasm he  used  to  speak !       11.  He  came  at  early 
dawn  to  greet  ^  the  consul.       12.  I  yield  the  army  to 
you.       13.  A  friend  begged  him  to  kill  some  one  of 
those  who  were  in  chains.       14.  Provided  that  there 
be^^  moderation,  strength  will  endure. 

1  Lit.  great.  ^  Lit-  is  free  from. 

2  Case-form.  "^  Omit. 

3  causa.  ^  suhvenire  (gerundive). 

4  Lit.  of.  ^  ^ote  the  verb  of  motion 

5  Lit.  but  uses  gladly  (li-      in  the  main  clause. 
bens).  ^°  ^^^-  ^®  present. 


27 


28  Latin  Coinpositioyi  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   8. 

1.  I  am  afraid  that  I  shall  not  increase  the  glory 
of  the  consuls.  2.  He  withdrew  from  Mutina  and 
ceased  to  besiege  Brutus.  3.  Therefore  let  them 
withdraw,  let  them  separate  themselves  from  the  good. 
4.  He  praises  the  book  as  though  he  wished  to  imitate 
it.  5.  They  think  more  highly  of  the  Romans  than 
of  the  Sabines.  6.  Your  children  were  a  pleasure 
to  you  and  an  advantage  ^  to  the  state.  7.  Both  con- 
suls and  people  regret-  this  law.  8.  I  remember, 
and  never  ^  shall  forget,  that  night.  9.  Those  meas- 
ures must  be  taken''  which  you  judge  to  be  to  the 
interest  of  the  state.  10.  The  praetor  hastened  to 
cut  off  Catiline  before  he  should  escape  into  Gaul. 
11.  There  is  need  not  only  of  natural  endowment,^  but 
also  of  training.  12.  And  so,  after  {jyostquam)  he  had 
spoken  to  Junius,  he  left  the  house.  13.  Do  not  wait 
until  I  set  forth  the  wrongs  of  the  allies.  14.  One 
could  see  ^  couches  spread  in  the  servants'  rooms.'' 


1  Use  usus. 

^  ingenium. 

2  Lit.  repent  of. 

6  In  trod.  56, 

2  neque  umquam. 

7  cella. 

4  Lit.  those  things  must  be 

done. 

"«> 

Exercises  —  Section  II. 


29 


EXERCISE   9. 

1.  Unless  you  buy  oil,  your  lamp  goes  out.  2.  The 
nearer  ^  I  am,  the  better  I  seem  to  see.  3.  We  cannot 
at  times  drive  out  error  by  reasoning.  4.  Day  would 
fail  me,-  if  I  should  attempt  to  say  all  that  might  be 
said.  5.  These  men  would  seem  bold  to  you,  if  they 
were  not  soldiers.  6.  Belying  upon  the  sanctity  of 
the  tribunate,  since  (cum)  it  armed  him  with  the  law,^ 
he  came  into  the  city.  7.  Unless  Caesar  had  helped 
us,  we  should  now  be  without  a  state  "*  as  a  result  of  ^ 
Antonius'  deeds.^  8.  In  friendship  the  chief  feature  ^ 
is  the  fact  -  that  the  greater  is  on  a  level '  with  the 
lower  in  rank.^  9.  Atticus  bought  the  lands  at  as 
high  a  price  ^  as  Cicero  wished.  10.  There  is  no  un- 
failing rule  for  ^  living  well.  11.  It  is  the  part  -  of  a 
wise  man  to  avoid  trouble.^*^  12.  Plato  called  pleas- 
ure an  evil,  because,  as  he  said,  it  harmed  men. 


1  See  Introd.  43. 

2  Omit. 

3  Plural. 

*  Lit.  have  no  state. 
5  Translate  by  the  use  of  a 
case-form. 


^/acinus. 
■^  par. 
^  inferior. 
9  Lit.  of. 
10  res  adversae. 


30  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   10. 

1.  I  do  not  think  that  immortality  should  be  dis- 
dained by  a  mortal.  2.  Not  so  many  are  possessed 
of  ^  virtue  as  wish  to  seem  so.^  3.  Mild  though  the 
speech  may  be,  it  will  aid  some.  4.  These  considera- 
tions ought  to  be  of  as  much  importance^  in  Greece 
as  at  Eome.  5.  We  see  that  Tiberius  Gracchus  was 
deserted  by  his  friends.  6.  More  know  how  these 
things  are  done  than  how  they  are  to  be  resisted. 
7.  I  hear  that  you  grieved  after  (postquam)  Quintus 
Metellus  was  taken  away. .  8.  If  I  say  anything 
against  his  life,  I  shall  not  refuse  to  allow  him  to* 
speak  in  his  own  behalf.  9.  Virtue  is  so  fair^  that 
we  admire  it  even^  in  an  enemy.  10.  The  consuls 
were  driven  from  Italy,  and  with  them  their  friends. 
11.  He  led  forth  a  colony  to  Casilinum,  whither  Caesar 
had  before  gone.  12.  Not  even  for  the  good  is 
poverty  a^  light  burden.^ 

1  Lit,  endowed  with.  *  Lit.  refuse  but  that  he. 

2  Omit.  5  Lit.  so  great. 

3  Lit.  of  as  great  weight.  ^  vel. 


Exercises  —  Section  II.  31 


EXERCISE   11. 

1.  Old  age  has  taken  from  me  the  desire  ^  for  food 
and  drink.  2.  We  do  many  things  for  the  sake  of 
our  friends  that  we  would  not  do  for  our  own.  3.  It 
is  not  easy  to  find  out-  who  did  it.  4.  There  are 
four  reasons  Avhy  old  age  is  wretched.  5.  Tablets 
were  fastened  up  over  ^  all  the  Capitoline  Hill.  6.  I 
would  that  he  had  held*  the  same  sentiments  as  I. 
7.  On  the  contrary,  he  ought  to  grieve  over  a  wrong 
and  take  pleasure  in  correction.  8.  I  urge  you  so  to 
esteem^  friendship,  that,  excepting  virtue,  you  think 
nothing  preferable  ^  to  it.  9.  This  I  have  said  that 
my  words'  might  seem  to  have  measured  up  to^  the 
duty  of  a  consul.  10.  Through  your  efforts  ^  he  is  pre- 
vented from  following  Caesar  to  his  grave.^*^  11.  Do 
not  prefer  any  one  to  Cato,  even  ^^  Socrates.  12.  Con- 
suls exceedingly  mild  in  disposition  ^  have  waged 
war  for  many  years. 

^  aviditds.  '  Lit.  voice. 

2  Introd.  46.  ^  fungi. 

3  Construction  of      Place            ^  Lit.  you. 
Wliere.  lo  rogus. 

*  Subjunctive  without  ut.  ^^  ne  .   .  .  quidem. 

5  locdre.  ^^  Lit.  of  tlie  greatest  mild- 

^  praestdhilior.  ness  of  disposition  {animus). 


32  Latin   Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   12. 

1.  The  Romans  sent  men^  to  {qui)  teach  him  laws. 
2.  You  have  less  strength^  than  either  of  us.  3.  Many 
are  like  Caesar,  though  {cum)  they  are  lower  in  fame 
and  fortune.  4.  Would  that  they  were  worthy  of 
your  opinion  !  5.  0  wretched  the  old  man  who  has 
not  realized^  that  death  is  no  evil.  6.  Even  though 
he  has  come  from  Caesar  to'*  interview  the  senators, 
no  one  is  vrilling  to  see  him.  7.  Every  one,  when  he 
is  old,  has  many  cares.  8.  I  cannot  persuade  him  to 
trust  me.  9.  AVhile^  general  he  freed  Greece  from 
slavery  within  a  few  months.  10.  We  do  not  sus- 
pect that  any  of  these  did  wrong.  11.  He  said  that 
there  would  be  infinite  slaughter  at  Syracuse,  if  we 
should  resist,  12.  To  gain  the  favor  of  the  people, 
he  prevailed  upon^  his  brother  to  kill  an  innocent 
man  who  had  been  convicted  of  a  capital  offence.'^ 

1  is.  ^  Omit. 

2  Introd.  20,  ^  exordre. 

3  videre.  "^  res  capitdlis. 
*  ad. 


SECTION   IIL 


EXERCISE   13. 

1.  Caelius  was  waiting  anxiously  until  Cicero 
should  be  recalled  from  exile.  2.  He  did  what^ 
Coriolanus  had  done  among  us  twenty  years  before. 
3.  Are  we  to  wait  to  see^  what  the  witnesses  from 
Sicily  say  ?  ^  4.  Do  you  know  that  such  a  statue  is 
sold  for  four  hundred  thousand  sesterces  ?  5.  Let 
them  be  prepared^  to  answer  the  questions*  which 
they  will  be  asked.  6.  Moderate  exercise  must  be 
taken.^  7.  It  is  said'  that  we  are  very  negligent  in 
the  matter  of^  helping  our  friends.  8.  I  thought 
that  I  ought*  to  remain  at  home  on  guard.^  9.  Kone 
are  so  eager  for  praise  as  the  boastful.  10.  I  am 
watching  to  see-  that  he  takes  no  more  than  he  gives. 
11.  We  were  afraid  that  something  would  happen  to 
him.  12.  They  so  live  that  their  lives ^"^  are  approved. 
13.    My  son  is  a  great  care  to  me. 

1  Lit.     the     same      things  ^  ^^^  respondere. 
which.  6  Lit^  i3g  used. 

2  Omit.  ">  Personal  construction. 

3  The  answer  "no"  is  im-  ^  Gerundive, 
plied.     Introd.  58.  ^  {fi  rigilid. 

*  pardtus.  lo  Singular. 

33 


34  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   14. 

1.  He  has  the  advantage^  in  this,  that  (quod)  he  is 
less  envied.  2.  It  is  the  duty^  of  a  good  man  to 
forget  injury.  3.  A  splendid  answer  and  worthy  of 
a  learned  man  !  4.  Since  (cu7n)  this  is  so,  the  soul 
cannot  be  injured.  5.  How  wealthy '"^  he  was! 
6.  What  was  I  to  do,  gentlemen  of  the  jury  ?  ^ 
Whither  was  I  to  turn  ?  7.  I  am  well  supplied 
with  money.  8.  They  asked  me  how  you  were 
bearing  the  death  of  Africanus.  9.  You  charged  an 
innocent  man  with  a  vile  deed.  10.  Through  my 
efforts  he  was  allowed  to  recall  Cicero  from  exile. 
11.  The  day  of  departure  was^  March  31.  12.  He 
delighted  in  the  bringing^  of  accusations.  13.  I 
did  not  hinder  him  from  being  friendly  to  you. 
14.  He  withdrew,  burning  with  hatred  toward'' you, ^ 
and  stained  with  the  blood  of  Roman  citizens  whom 
he  had  killed  at  Antium. 

1  Lit.  is  superior.  ^  Lit.  departure  was  made  on. 

2  Omit.  6  inferre. 
8  Lit.  of  how  great  wealth.  "^  Lit.  of. 
*  indices.  ^  Plural. 


Exercises  —  Section  III.  35 


EXERCISE   15. 

1.   When,  setting  out  thence  to  Rome,  lie  came  into 
the  neighborhood  of  Aquinum,  a  great  multitude  met^ 
him.       2.    He  said  that  Caesar  had  become  rich,  not 
by  his  own,  but  by  his  father's  influence.       3.   If  you^ 
want   to   be   old   a  long   time,    guard^   your    health. 
4.    Regarding   this    manner    of   death   it    is   hard    to 
speak.       5.   I  thought  that,  if  he  had  been  unwilling, 
he  would  have  said  so.-*      6.  Not  even  this  do  I  refuse, 
provided  only  we  do  what  Caesar  demands.      7.  Would 
that  you  may  come  to  old  age,  so  that  you  may  know 
what  I  have  said  is  true !       8.    Though  old  age  may 
not  be  a  heavy  burden,  it  takes  away  strength.      9.  It 
is  impossible^  that  a  man<^  be  at  the  same  time  both 
joyful  and  sad.       10.   Old  age  has  such  great  influence 
that  it  is  worth  more^  than  all  the  pleasures  of  youth. 
11.   Who  does  not  know  that  he  came  many  miles  to 
salute  yon  ?       12.   If  that  advice  had  carried  the  day,« 
the  state  would  now  be  standing,  and  you  would  have 
fallen   by  reason   of    your    many    crimes.       13.    The 
senate,  putting  on  mourning,^  came  together  into  the 
temple  of  Concord. 

1  ohviam  se  ferre.  «  I^it-  the  same  man. 

2  Indefinite  second  person.  ^  Forms  of  esse  and  phis. 

3  conservdre.  valere. 

4  Omit.  ^  Lit.  changing  its  garments 

5  Lit.   it    can    in    no  wise  (resf^s,  singular). 
happen. 


36  Latin  Composition  —  PaH  L 

EXERCISE   16. 

1.  After  {postquam)  lie  had^returned  to  Rome,  he 
demanded  of  her  an  office  that^  he  might  practice 
medicine.  2.  He  answered  the  king  that  he  had 
done  it  through  reliance  ^  on  his  old  age.  3.  Men  in- 
spired by  virtue  will  rule  over  those  desires  to  which 
others  are  enslaved.^  4.  This  I  shall  say,  if  you 
regret"*    your    kindness,^    or    Caesar    his    constancy. 

5.  From  his  tongue  speech  sweeter  than  honey  flowed. 

6.  These  have^  in  themselves  no"  resource  for  living 
well.  7.  In  the  case  of  those  who  are  wise  and  well 
trained,^  joys  increase  with  age.  8.  With  all  his 
forces  he  advanced  from  Brundisium.  9.  I  should 
prefer  the  saddest  day  of  his  consulship  to  the 
happiest  of  a  Catiline's.  10.  Why  should  I  grieve 
though  (si)  in  the  course  of  ^  the  next^*^  six  hundred 
years  a  foreign  nation  shall  get  possession  of  our 
city  ?  11.  Before  I  mentioned  the  distresses  of 
Sicily,  I  spoke  at  length  ^^  of  the  high  standing  ^^  of 
that  province.  12.  If  any  one  should  wish  to  accuse  ^^ 
you,  you  would  cry  out  that  it  was  unjust." 

1  Use  gratia.  ^  bene  institutus. 

2  Lit.  relying  on.  ^  ad. 

^  servlre.  ^°  Omit. 

^  Lit.  repent  of.  ^^  tnulta. 

^  henevolentia.  ^^  dignitas. 

6  Use  a  case-form.  ^^  reiim  facere. 

■^  nihil.  1*  Use  iniuria  (not  the  adverb). 


Exercises  —  Section  III.  37 

EXERCISE   17. 

1.  Although  he  is  free  from  blame,  he  is  not  clear 
of  suspicion.  2.  If  agreeable/  let  us  compare  your 
return  with  mine.  3.  Do  not  expect  arguments  from 
me,  as  though  the  matter  were  doubtful.  4.  Is  there 
any  doubt- that  there  is  need  of  magistrates  ?  5.  His 
father,  a  man  of  great  steadfastness  and  most  devoted^ 
to  the  state,  aided  me,  though  (cum)  he  was  sick. 
6.  You  cannot  take  from  him  his  power,  even  though 
you  are  willing  to  forget  his  good  deeds.  7.  When 
Philo  arrived,  he  considered  the  matter  several  days. 
8.  This  style  of  speech  I  should  not  use  at  this  time, 
if  my  interest  alone  were  involved.  9.  I  saw  that 
the  consuls,  who  should  have  been*  the  leaders  to 
arms,  were  fleeing.  10.  Since  {quoniam)  things  hu- 
man are  uncertain,^  some  people  ^  must  be  found  whom 
we  may  love,  and  by  whom  we  may  be  cherished, 
11.  If  that  is  so,  see  to  it'  that  you  make  no  mistake 
when  you  meet  him.  12.  He  boasts  that  he  is  like 
Catiline,  but  it  is  ^  in  crime  only  that  ^  he  is  equal  to 
him.  13.  At  this  point  ^  he  asked  whether  at  any 
time  ^  new  friends  worthy  of  our  ^  friendship  were  to 
be  preferred  to  the  old. 


1  si  placet. 

^  fragilis. 

2  Lit.  is  it  doubtful. 

6  Omit. 

3  amdns. 

"  videre. 

^  debere  and  present  infini- 

^  locus. 

e. 

^  num  quando 

SECTlOiN    IV. 


EXERCISE    18. 

1.  What  god  did  you  think  would  help^  you? 
2.  He  seems  to  be  remembering  me.  3.  These  men 
are  not  ashamed  of  their  misdeeds.  4.  A  wise  man 
should  be  content  with  the  time  allotted^  to  him. 
5.  They  complain  because,  as  they  say,  they  are  de- 
prived of  pleasures  without  which  they  do  not  care  to 
live.  6.  The  wretch  hastened^  from  Tarentum  to  this 
city.  7.  Shall  I  mention  first  *  his  pride,  or  his  cruelty 
toward  the  Romans  ?  8.  He  was  condemned  for  theft, 
and  was  not^  allowed  to  enter  the  city.  9.  So^  may 
it  be  allowed  me  to  enjoy  this  state  with  you,  as^  I  am 
moved  by  pity  in  this  matter.  10.  You  would  think 
it  was  one  of  the  early  ^  Romans.  11.  In  purpose  they 
are  opposed®  to  us,  just  as  though  they  were  enemies^ 
by  race  and  nature.  12.  Who  is  there  to  whose  in- 
terest it  is  not  that  this  law  have  force  ?  13.  There 
was  no  one  who  showed  greater  ^*^  filial  respect.^^ 

1  Lit.  be  an  aid  to.  '  priscus. 

2  Lit.  given.  ^  Use  dissidere  ah  and  abla- 
8  advoldre.                               tive. 

*  prius.  ^  Use  disiunctus. 

5  '  and  .  .  .  not,'  neque.  ^°  Lit.   was  more    eminent 

^  ita  .  .  .   ut.  {praestdns)  in.         ^^pietds. 

38 


Exercises  —  Section  IV.  39 


EXERCISE    19. 


1.  The  life  he  was  then  living  was  bad.       2.  Then 
it  was  evident^  how  poor  in  friends  each  of  them  was. 

3.  He   takes   great    pains  ^   in    preparing    the   ships. 

4.  Pretence  is  the  enemy  of'^  friendship.  5.  You 
would  say  this  all  the  more,"*  if  ^  you  had  been  present 
in  the  gardens  of  Scipio.  6.  Anything  can  be 
bought,  if  you*^  pay  enough.^  7.  And  so  no  one  has 
wished  to  see  me  to  whom  I  have  been  "engaged."^ 
8.  What  is  the  difference  between  a  man  and  a  tree 
trunk,  excepting^  the  action  of  the  mind?  9.  When 
he  came  to  me  to  beg  off,^'^  he  gave  this  excuse. 
10.  And  since  (cuin)  the  nature  of  the  soul  is  sim- 
ple, it  cannot  be  divided.  11.  If  he  should  meet 
you,  he  would  have  much  to  say.^^  12.  When  I  was 
consul,  I  heard  nothing  about  this  matter.  13.  A 
quiet  style   of  speaking   is    suited^   to   an  old  man. 

14.  Led  on  by  false  'hope,  I  said  that,  if  I  should 
be   restored   to   my    country,    I    would   thank ^^  you. 

15.  Brutus  at  Mutina  was  trying  to  finish  the  fortifica- 
tions before  the  enemy  should  arrive. 

1  Lit.  was  seen.  "^  satis  dare. 

2  cur  am  .  .  .  adhibere.  ^  occupdtus. 

3  nocere.  ^  Participial  construction. 
*  'all  the  more,'  magis.  i'^  deprecdri. 

^  May  be  anticipated  by  turn      ^^  Lit.  would  say  many  things. 
in  the  preceding  clause.  ^^  decorus. 

^  Indefinite  second  singular.       i^  grdtids  agere. 


40  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   20. 

1.  What  else  did  you  bring  to  pass  on  that  day,  ex- 
cept that  ^  they  judged    Antonius   a   public  enemy? 

2.  He  said  that  my  enemy  had  so  worded  the  things 
he  had   written  against  me   that   they  seemed  true. 

3.  The  senate  was  freed  from  fear  of  danger  a  few 
days  later.  4.  Those  know  who  followed  him  to 
Paphos.  5.  There  were  groans  throughout^  the 
whole  forum.  6.  I  was  unable  to  do  anything  ^  until 
you  should  be  silent.  7.  In  public  affairs  nothing  is 
weightier  than  the  law/  while  ^  in  private  affairs  '^  a 
will  ^  is  most  binding.^  8.  The  Eoman  people  will 
wrest  this  from  you.  9.  Authority  should  be 
granted  him,  so  that  he  may  defend  the  state. 
10.  These  wrongs,  too,  must  be  resisted.  11.  This 
contention  is  very  like  that  trial.  12.  What  bond  *' 
has  he  to  (quod)  hold  him  to^  life?  13.  I  know 
surely,  and  there  is  no^**  need  for  conjecture.  14.  There- 
fore I  fear  that  to  grieve  at  this  happening  is  more 
the  part  ^  of  an  enemy  than  of  a  friend.  15.  Though 
(cu7n)  nature  by  many  signs  declares  what  she  wishes, 
we  do  not  heed.^^ 

1  nisi  ut.  ^  Not  a  subordinating  con- 

2  Construction     of      Place      junction  here. 

Where.  ^  Omit.  ^  f'lrmus. 

3  Lit.  was  able  to  do  noth-  "^  testdmentum.      ^  Lit.  in. 
ing.                                    -                    '^^  Cf.  Exercise  18,  n.  5. 

*  Plural.  ^^  audire. 


Exercises — Section  IV.  41 


EXERCISE   21. 

1.  When  (ilM)  he  had  learned  that,  he  called 
Cicero  to  him.  2.  Although  you  may  be  wise,  you 
do  not  know  all  things.  3.  This  remark  ^  does  not 
deserve  ^  a  reply.  4.  You  were  sated  with  the  suf- 
ferings of  these  men.  5.  There  is  no  place  in  the 
whole  ^  earth  where  this  law  is  not  known."*  6.  Al- 
though it  is  unjust,  he  will  bear  it  with  resignation,^ 
if,  through  your  efforts,^  he  can  keep  his  good  name.^ 
7.  You  will  free  me  from  great  fear,  if  only  a  wall  be 
between  you  and  me.  8.  This  was  done  by  me  to 
prevent^  his  being  condemned.  9.  They  came  to- 
gether on  the  sixth  of  November  because  of  their  love 
for  Catiline.  10.  0  happening  shameful  not  only  to 
see,  but  even  to  hear  of  !  11.  He  tried  to  come  to 
Eome  with  all  his  forces  to  join  Caesar.  12.  They 
used  to  hope  that  Pyrrhus  would  be  persuaded  to  be- 
lieve this,  so  that  he  might  the  more  easily  ^  be  con- 
quered. 13.  He  was  in  such  good  health  at  the 
end  ^^  of  his  life,  that  he  was  able  to  carry  a  heavy 
load  easily. 

1  vox.  ^  Lit.  you. 

2  Lit.  is  unworthy.  "^  'good  name,'  fdma. 

3  Omit.  8  introd.  61. 
*  Lit,  but  that  in  the  same  ^  Introd.  64. 

place  this  law  is  known.  ^'^  extremum  tempus. 

^  Use  aequus  animus. 


42  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE    22. 

1.  He  said  he  had  learned  this  from  Africanus  in  a 
dream.  2.  Give  much  advice^  to  the  good,  but  enact 
punishment  in  the  case  of  the  bad.  3.  Since  {quo- 
niam)  you  hav^  mentioned  friendship,  you  will  do  me 
a  great  favor  ^  if  you  will  tell  us  what  views  you  hold 
on  that  subject.^  4.  This  must  be  done  by  all  in 
order  that  the  enemy  may  not  escape.  5.  But  yet  I 
enjoy  the  recollection  of  our  friendship  so  much  that 
I  do  not  feel  that  I  have  lived  in  vain,  having  lived  ^ 
with  Scipio.  6.  He  showed^  me  facts  of  this  sort, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  the  crimes  of  Sextus  Naevius. 
7.  They  replied  that  they  would  pay  the  taxes,  but 
that  they  would  not  add  a  ship,  even  though  he  buy 
it  at  a  high  price.^  8.  If  influence  and  greatness  of 
soul  are  of  greater  value,^  do  not  desire  that  which  is 
of  less  value. ^  9.  Let  him  use  arms  for  his  own 
defence,^  if  it  is  necessary.^  10.  Should  I  not  admire 
him,  should  I  not  think  him  to  be  defended  by  every 
means  ?  ^  11.  I  see  that  the  same  plan  has  com- 
mended itself^  to  each  of  you  these  many  years. 

1  praecipere.  6  x,it.  for  the  sake  of  de- 

2  Lit.  a  thing  most  pleasing      fending  himself. 

to  me.  7  Lit.  if  it  is  necessary  so. 

3  Omit.  8  Lit.  in  every  way. 

*  gitod-clause.  ^  Lit.   the  same  thing  has 

^  docere.  seemed  best. 


SECTION   V. 


EXERCISE   23. 

1.  When  Scaevola  had  mentioned  this,  he  told  us 
the  views  of  Laelius  on  friendship.  2.  I  do  not  fear 
that  the  philosophers  will  not  praise  me.  3.  They 
are  doing  this  so  as  not  to  lose  our  favor.  4.  What 
good  men  think  is  a  question  ^  of  the  greatest  moment 
and  weight.  5.  We  pardon  the  silence  of  these. 
6.  If  you  falsely  accuse  any  one,  you  injure  your- 
self also.  7.  Let  us  not  wait  until  we  are  asked. 
8.  Though  (cum)  he  had  been  bought,  he  did  not  ven- 
ture to  put  in  his  veto.^  9.  Those  must^  be  pardoned 
who  did  nothing  afterward.  10.  I  am  so  yielding 
by  nature'*  that  I  cannot  withstand  his  tears  and 
entreaties.  11.  Though  all  dangers  should  impend, 
I  shall  aid  and  assist  him.  12.  Before  I  proceed 
to  my  defence,  I  shall  make  use  of  ^  his  confession. 

1  Omit.  *  Lit.  am  of  such  mildness 

2  intercedere.  of  disposition. 

3  Gerundive.  ^  utl. 


43 


44  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE   24. 

1.  Truth,  relying  on  this  jury/  makes  answer  to 
envy.  2.  In  trading,-  Mucianus  always  remembered 
his  dignity  and  his  rights.^  3.  It  behooves^  all  who 
live  in  the  city  to  flee.  4.  I  am  not  merely  dis- 
gusted with  your  foolishness,  but  ashamed  of  it  ^  also. 
5.  He  promised  to  take  care^  that  everything  be  re- 
turned to  the  men.  6.  This  is  a  thing  most  dreadful 
not  only  to  see  but  even  to  hear,  that  soldiers  were 
stationed  in  the  temple  of  Concord.  7.  These  two 
things  it  is  the  duty^  of  a  good  man  to  do.  8.  I 
assist  no  one  of  my  friends.  9.  In  gaining  ^  office, 
toil  and  anxiety  are  counted  of  little  importance.^ 
10.  Danger  does  not  deter  me  from  doing  what  I 
ought.  11.  In  the  case  of  one  living  at  Rome  the 
matter  is  far  different.^  12.  0  remarkable  audacity, 
to  dare  to  write  letters  against  such  a  youth  !  13.  I 
preferred  that  my  opinion  should  be  praised  by  all 
twenty  days  afterward.  14.  It  could  not  be  in  any 
way  arranged^  that  Cleomenes  go  unpardoned.^^ 

1  indices.  ^  Use  a  case-form  of  cur  a. 

2  ci«n-clause.  ^  persequi. 

2  iiis  (singular).  ^  res  se  longe  aliter  habere. 

*  Lit.  it  is  to  the  interest  of.  ^  fieri. 

s  Omit.     •  ^°  Lit.  but  that  C.  be  spared. 


Exercises  —  Section  V.  45 


EXERCISE   25. 

1.  Would  that  the  immortal  gods  had  given  you 
this  blessing !  2.  He  summoned  legions  from  Rome 
to  crush  the  uprising  of  the  Gauls.  3.  This  is  a 
contest  with  an  enemy  with  whom  there  can  be  no 
conditions  of  peace.  4.  Therefore  let  Gaul  remain  ^ 
under  the  guardianship^  of  the  man  to  whom  it  has 
already  been  given.  5.  What  do  you  think  they 
would  have  done  if  Catiline  had  been  at  Faesulae  ? 
6.  He  said  that  all  we  do  must  be  referred  to  the 
consuls.  7.  The  liberators  of  the  fatherland  are 
abundantly  supplied  with^  honors  given  by  the  state 
which  they  saved.  8.  Cicero  makes  other  mistakes.* 
9.  Thirty-eight  years  Dionysius  was  tyrant  of  Syra- 
cuse, having  begun  to  reign  at  twenty-five  years  of 
age.^  10.  The  place  to  which  he  went  to  make 
investigation  is  called  Mutina.  11.  He  would  not 
refuse,  if  he  had  confidence  in  himself.  12.  I  should 
like  to  have  some^  time  in  which  to  read^  the  books 
of  philosophers.  13.  If  I  should  claim  that  I  am 
not  ^  stirred  by  a  longing  for  Scipio,  I  should  certainly 
lie. 

1  Lit.  "be.  5  Use  ndtus. 

2  in  .  .  .  tuteld.  ^  aliqxiid;  what  part  of  speech  ? 

3  Lit.  abound  in.  "^  Lit.  when  I  might  read. 

^ peccdre.  ^  'claim  that  .  .  .  not,'  negdre. 


46  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


EXERCISE    26. 

1.  Do  you  remember  that  on  October  21 1  said  ^  that 
you  would  be  in  arms  on  a  certain  day  ?  2.  These 
men,  most  devoted  to  us,  took  from  him  the  consulship. 

3.  Sulla  was  deprived  of  a  splendid  position  ^  because 
of  the  hatred  felf^  toward  Autronius,  his  colleague. 

4.  I  will  tell  you  from  what  classes  of  men  his  forces 
are  collected.^  5.  After  he  saw  that  the  life  of  Sextus 
Roscius  was  guarded,  he  adopted  a  plan  full  of  wicked- 
ness and  audacity.  6.  There  are  some  who  think 
it  beneath  them^  to  come  to  the  aid  of^  the  weak. 
7.  Although  old  age  avoids  immoderate  feasts,  it  can 
yet  enjoy''  moderate  banquets.  8.  I  make  much  use 
of  Greek  literature  for  the  purpose  of  training  my 
memory.  9.  And  yet  that  leader  of  the  Greeks 
never  prayed  to  have  ten  like  Ajax,  but  like^  Nestor. 
10.  Caelius  was  not  so  crazy  as  to  accuse  another  of 
bribery^,  when  he  himself  was  guilty  of  ^  the  same 
crime.  11.  What  therefore  was  I  to  answer  ?  that 
I  was  a  Roman  ?  12.  As  the  king  did  not  know  ^° 
which  Orestes  was,  Pylades  said  that  he  was  Orestes. 

1  Present  tense,  by  an  ex-  «  suhveiiire. 
ception  to  the  rule  ;  A.  584.  a.  "'  Use  gaudere. 
N.;  G.  281.  2.  N.;  H.  618.  2.  8  ambitus. 

2  amplus  honor.  ^  se  commaculdre  and  abla- 

3  Omit.  live. 

4  Passive  of  compardre.  i°  Participial  construction. 

5  sordidus. 


Exercises  —  Section  V.  47 


EXERCISE    27. 

1.  As  I  broke  down  Catiline  by  my  influence  and 
that  ^  of  the  senate,  so  you  will  soon  hear  that  An- 
tonius  has  fallen.^  2.  So  it  happened  that  we  in- 
quired whether  there  was  need  of  ships.  3.  Confess 
that  you  sent  to  Rome  grain  bought  for  three  hundred 
thousand  sesterces.  4.  Am  I  to  doubt  what  you  did, 
when  I  see  what  you  are  doing  ?  5.  While  ^  in  Greece 
he  demanded  money  of  the  Greek  officials.  6.  If  I 
shall  have^  this  power  without  danger  to  you  or  me,^ 
I  shall  use  it.  7.  Do  not  so  conduct  yourself  that  a 
new  and  much  more  cruel  proscription  may  seem  to 
have  come  about  through  you.  8.  And  the  play 
need  ^  not  ^  be  acted  through  by  the  performer,''  if  only 
he  win  approval  in  whatsoever  act  he  may  be.  9.  As 
though  he  had  lost  his  goods  through  fault  of  mine, 
he  is  now  unfriendly  to  me  because  (quia)  he  is  poor. 
10.  Who  of  the  Carthaginians  was  of  greater  value  ^ 
in  counsel  or  bravery  than  Hannibal  ?  11.  He  was 
robbed  of  the  priesthood,  which  was  sold  at  a  high 
price  ^  to  Brogitarus,  a  fellow  unworthy  of  that  office, 
since  (cum)  he  sought  it  for  ^  gain. 

1  Omit.  s  Gerundive. 

2  Passive  of  opprimere.  ^  'and  .  .  .  not,'  neqice. 

3  Case-form.  '  histrio. 
^  Lit.  your  or  my  danger.  ^  ob. 


SECTION   VI. 


EXERCISE    28. 

1.  He  could  not  be  induced  to  have  his  head  cov- 
ered.^ 2.  At  the  banquet  of  Apronius  was  a  Koman 
knight  ninety  years  of  age.  3.  As  I  read,  I  am  so 
stirred  by  his  words  that  I  fancy  I  can  ^  hear  Cato 
himself  speaking.  4.  Do  not  think  therefore  that 
the  king  did  this  wrong.  5.  As  I  before  said,  he 
was  at  Naples,  in  a  part  of  Italy  that  was  most  clear  ^ 
of  suspicion.  6.  He  is  a  man  of  most  honorable  and 
well-known '^  lineage.  7.  Nothing  prevents  his  being 
happy.  8.  But  an  old  man  has  not  even  anything  to 
{quod)  hope  for.  9.  He  sells  a  modius  of  grain  for  a 
denarius.  10.  Perhaps  what  I  am  about  to  say  may 
seem  wonderful  to  relate.  )(  11.  Was  I  to  reject  the 
helpful  advice  of  those  whose  very  faults  good  citi- 
zens should  bear  ?  12.  For  we  are  not  sending  a 
message^  to  Hannibal  to  withdraw  from  Saguntum. 
13.  After  {postquam)  he  had  come  into  Asia,  he  com- 
mitted many  crimes. 

1  Lit.  to  be  of  covered  head.  ^  maxime  carere. 

2  Omit.  *  iiobilis. 

48 


Exercises  —  Section  VI.  49 


^  EXERCISE    29. 

1.  If  he  were  in^  his  hundredth  year,  would  he  be  /y  ^,.^si 

dissatisfied-  with  old  age?  2.  Itjiias^  when  Plato  HA 
was  present  that^  Archytas  was  speaking  of  pleasure. 
3.  Imprudence  is  a  characterisiic  ^  of  the  young  rather 
than  of  the  old.  4.  What  shall  I  say  of  Paulus  or 
Africanus  ?  5.  They  are  waiting  until  the  ambas- 
sadors set  out.  6.  For  I  do  not  fear  that  he  will  be 
persuaded.  7.  You  would  have  informed  me,  if  you 
had  thought  it  to  your  interest.  8.  These  men  I 
shall  never  forget.  9.  From  all  quarters  *  they  came 
to  salute  him,  but  none  were  admitted.  10.  I  shall 
prove  you  guilt}^,  not  only  of  dishonesty,  but  also  of 
cruelty.  11.  Why  was  he  not  present  in  person  ? 
Do  you  think  because  of  some  serious^  matter? 
12.  If  you  should  deprive^  me  of  this  evidence,  I 
would  use  the  testimony  of  the  Gauls.  13.  Can  this 
light  of  day  ^  be  pleasant  to  you  when  {cum)  '  you 
perceive  that  all  know  you  were  in  the  forum,  armed, 
on  December  29  ?  14.  Since  (cum)  you  see  that  a 
man  holding^  this  position  did  not  doubt  that  he 
should  maintain^  the  innocence  of  Sulla,  you  ought  to 
admit  that  Hortensius  is  equally  free  to  take  the  case.^^ 

1  Use  agere.  *  Lit.  possessed  (praeditits) 

2  paenitere.  ^  mcignus.  of.  ^  defend.ere. 

3  Omit.          6  Use  eripere.  '^^  Lit.  that  for  H.  a  like  en- 
^ pars.           "  Not  temporal.  trance  to  (idem  aditus  ad)  the 

case  lies  open. 


50  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 

^y^^  EXERCISE    30. 

1.  If  yoii  go  anywhere^  on  public  business,-  boats 
are   always   furnished    at   public   expense.        2.    Our       ^  ^Jl 
friends  must  be  helped.^       3.  Though  each  may  (have    >/  *^^ 
the  right  to)^  say  what  he  pleases,  it  is  not  necessary  to       ^    "1     » 
believe  it."*       4.  Euined  men,  with  slaves  like  them-    /  ^  || 
selves^  threaten  the  temples  and  buildings  of  the  city. 

5.  0   wretched   the    day    when  ^    Catiline  was    born ! 

6.  You  know  that  I  was  without  experience  in  these 
matters.  7.  Those  are  worthy  of  friendship  in  whom 
there  is  a  cause  for  love.^  8.  Some  pleasures  are 
given  up^  for  the  sake  of  gaining  greater  pleas- 
ures. 9.  Would  that  the  immortal  gods  might  re- 
serve this  trophy  for  you,  Scipio !  10.  You^  can 
often  tell  from  what  quarter  the  storm  is  gathering.^ 
11.  Nothing  was  so  secure  and  hidden  that  it  (quod) 
was  not  fully  exposed  ^*^  to  his  cupidity.  12.  Old 
men,  confident  in  ^^  their  wisdom,  delight  in  conversa- 
tions with  ^^  youths  of  intelligence.^^  13.  Since  it  is 
a  question^'*  whether  he  pay  the  penalty  or  we  be 
slaves,  let  us  summon  all  our  forces  without  delay,  so 
that  he  may  be  the  more  readily  subdued.  , 

1  '  if  .  .  .  anywhere,'  si  quo.  ^  se  commovere. 

2  publice.     ■  *  Omit.  ^o  Superlative  of  apertus. 

3  suhvenire.  ^  Lit.  on  which.  ^^  Lit.  relying  on. 
6  Lit.    cause  why  they    be  i'^  Lit.  of. 

loved.  '^  Use  oniittere.         ^^  Lit.  endowed  with  intellect. 

s  Indefinite  second  singular.        i*  res  in  id  discrimen  addiicl. 


^ 


Exercises  —  Section  VI.  51 


EXERCISE    31. 

1.  They  think  they  will  live  their  lives  ^  more 
safely^  under  my  protection.  2.  It  is  worth  while ^ 
for  me  to  incur  this  ill-will,  provided  that  danger  be 
warded  off  from  you.  3.  No  one  molested*  Cicero 
at  Brundisium  either^  at  that  time  or^  on  December 
first,  or^  fifth,  or^  thirteenth.  4.  Of  how  many  guards 
shall  I  have  need,^  if  I  once  allow  you  to  enter  my 
house  ?  5.  If  they  should  all  be  brought  together 
into  one  place,  they  would  not  be  worthy  to  be "  com- 
pared with  Servius  Sulpicius.  6.  So  it  happened 
that  brave  men,  even  though  (etsi)  they  had  fought 
hand  to  hand  against  one  another,  laid  aside  hatred 
with  their  arms.  7.  The  senate  sent  word  that  the 
province  had  been  decreed  to  him,  before  he  should 
seize  it  by  force.  8.  He  ordered  the  centurions  to 
come  home,  and  had  them  killed  ^  before  his  own  and 
his  wife's  eyes.  9.  What  is  more  pleasant  than  an  old 
age  crowned  ^  with  honors  ?  10.  He  had  no  reason 
to  fear^"  that  he  would  not  be  heard.  11.  I  realized 
that  I  had  lost  the  friend  whom  I  esteemed  most  of 
all.^i 

1  Singular.  "^  Translate  '  worthy  to  be ' 

2  Use  adjective.  by  gerundive. 

3  Forms  of  esse  and  tantus.  ^  iuguldn  cogere. 
^  Use  molestus  esse.                        ^  Use  stipdtus. 

5  Lit.  neither  .  .  .  nor,  etc.  1°  Gerundive. 

^  Use  opus.  11  unice. 


52  Latin  Composition  —  Part  I. 


■  iC^  EXERCISE   32. 

1.  As  though  it  were  a  protection  ^  to  you,  he  orders 
that  the  house  be  watched.  2.  On  that  day,  if  it 
had  been  allowed  me  by  ^  my  friends  to  come  into  the 
forum,  I  should  have  been  the  first  victim  of  a  mas- 
sacre.^ 3.  He  asked  one  of  those  present  the  subject 
under  ^  discussion.^  4.  This  field  was  much  more 
valuable^  then  than  it  had  been  five  years  earlier. 
5.  The  less  gifted''  should  not  grieve  that  they  are 
surpassed  in  brilliancy^  by  others.  6.  I  telP  the 
senate  what  ought  to  be  done.  7.  Who  of  us 
thought  Autronius  innocent,  or  aided  any  one  of 
them  ?  8.  In  the  hearing  ^°  of  the  people  he  said 
that  none  would  live  unless  Caesar  should  be  victo- 
rious." 9.  Although  it  is  hard,  I  can  bring  myself 
to  forgive  ^2  him  who  accuses  Caesar.  10.  There  is 
need  of  haste;  if  we  had  had  recourse  to^^  this  be- 
fore, we  should  now  have  no  war.  11.  But  since 
(quoniam)  the  state  abounds  in  such  examples,  let  us 
pass  ^^  to  other  considerations. 

^^ 
A  salus.  ^  ingenium. 

2  Lit.  through.  ^  praescribere. 

3  Lit.  a  beginning  of  slaugh-  i°  aiidlre. 
ter  would  have  been  made  from  ^^  vincere. 
me. 

•*  Lit.  of.  ^  disserere.      forgive. 

6  Forms  of  esse  and  plus.  ^^  liti. 

7  Inferior.  ^*  venire. 


Lit.   I  can  in  some  way 


PART   II 
CONNECTED   DISCOURSE 


Summary  of  the  Events  of  Catiline's  Life. 

B.C. 

108.    Birth. 

82.   Sulla's  ofBcer. 

68.    Praetor. 

07.    Governor  of  Africa. 

60.  Returned  to  Rome,  and  desired  to  stand  for  the  consulship 
at  a  special  late  election.  Was  prevented  from  so  doing 
by  an  impending  suit  for  extortion  in  Africa.  About 
December  o  helped  to  organize  a  plan  (the  First  Con- 
spiracy) to  murder  the  successful  candidates. 

65.  The  plan  (originally  for  January  1)  was  discovered,  and 
postponed  to  February  5.  It  miscarried  at  this  later 
date,  and  was  given  up.  Catiline  desired  this  year  also 
to  stand  for  the  consulship,  but  was  not  acquitted  on 
the  extortion  charge  early  enough. 

64.  Ran  for  the  consulship  against  Cicero  and  others.  About 
June  1  began  to  organize  the  Second  Conspiracy,  partly 
to  help  toward  his  election.     Was  defeated  at  the  polls. 

63.  Brought  to  trial  for  murder  committed  under  Sulla  ;  was 
acquitted.  Was  again  a  candidate  for  the  consulship. 
October  21,  the  decretum  ultimum  passed.  Catiline 
was  again  defeated  at  the  polls.  November  6,  the  meet- 
ing at  Laeca's  house,  November  8,  the  first  of  Cicero's 
speeches  against  Catiline,  the  latter  leaving  the  city  that 
night  to  join  Manlius.     Military  operations  in  Etruria. 

62.    Death  near  Pistoria. 


54 


THE   STORY   OF   CATILINE. 


EXERCISE    33. 

Lucius  Sergius  Catiline  ^vas  born  in  the  year 
108  B.C./  of  a  patrician  family.  While  still  a  young 
man  he  was  a  partisan-  of  Sulla,  and  had  a  hand  in^ 
the  proscriptions  of  that  time.  It  is  said,^  too,  that 
he  murdered  his  own^  son,  and  that  he  committed 
many  other  crimes  in  private  lif e.^  These "  stories  the 
two  Ciceros,  Marcus  and  Quintus,  willingly  circulated, 
and  they  did  not^  hesitate  to  blacken  his  character^  as 
much  as  possible.  Indeed,^^  Quintus  took  pains  to  ^^ 
publish  evil  reports  about  Catiline  at  the  time  his 
brother  was  running  for^^  ^j^e  consulship,  hoping^ 
that  in  this  way  he  would  aid  him  and  injure  Catiline. 

1  The   consuls  of  this  year  «  Unite  the  negative  with 
were  Ser.  Snlpicius  Galba  and  the   connective  ;  B.  341.  1.  d 
M.  Aurelius  Scaurus.     If  the  and  2.   d ;    A.    328  ;    G.  480  ; 
full    names    are    used,    omit  H.  656.  4  and  5. 
connective.  ^  mores     mfdmes    facere  ; 

2  satelles.        «  adhltor  esse.       infinitive  or  qu'in-clRnse  ?    Of. 
*  Use  verb  personally  ;   B.       Introd.  87. 

332  ;  A.  582  ;  G.  528  ;  H.  611.  ^"^  qu'm  etiam. 

5  Express  '  own '  bv  the  po-  "  Use  assidne.        i^  petere. 

sition  of  the  pronoun.  ''  The    nominative    of    the 

^  Use  privdtus.  present    participle    is    to    be 

^Bec-in  the   sentence  with  sparingly  used;    A.   492.  n.  ; 

a  relative.  cf.  G.  585.  r.  ;  H.  640.  5. 

55 


56  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    34. 

But  even  Catiline's  enemies  are  forced  to  admit  that 
he  was  not  altogether  bad.  He  was  a  good  speaker 
and  a  person^  of  great  physical-  strength,  enduring^ 
hunger,  cold,  and*  loss  of  sleep ^  marvelously  well.^ 
Moreover,  he  knew  all  the  ways  of  approaching ''  men, 
and  was  able  to  retain  their  friendship  ;  in  fact,^  Cicero 
himself  says  that  he  once  thought  him  a  good  citizen. 
Being  by  nature  ambitious,^  Catiline  early  sought 
public  office.  In  68  ^^  he  was  praetor,^^  and,  in  the 
following  year,  governor  of  ^-  Africa.  On  returning  to 
Rome  in  &&  ^"  he  learned  that  ambassadors  had  pre- 
ceded him  to  complain  about  his  actions  ^'*  in  Africa  — 
a  thing  ^^  which  prevented  him  from  standing  for^^  the 
consulship  that  year. 

1  Omit.  1*^  Consuls  were  L.  Caecilius 

2  Use  corpus.  Metellus  and  Q.  Marcius  Eex. 

3  See  Exercise  33,  n.  13.  '^^  praeturam  ingredi. 

4  Three  or  more  coordinate  '^^  propraetor  ohtinere. 
words  or  phrases  most  often  i^  Consuls,  M'.AemiliusLe- 
have  simply  -que  with  the  last.  pidus  and  L.  Volcatius  Tullus. 

^  vigiliae.  ^^  Make     this     a     relative 

6  mlrum  in  modum.  clause. 

■^'way     of     approaching,'  i^  Incorporate    the    apposi- 

aditus.  tive  in  the  relative  clause  ;  B. 

8  qum  etiam.  251.  4.  &  ;   A.  307.  e  ;  G.  616. 

^  gloriae  avidus.  2  ;  cf.  H.  399.  6. 

^^  petere. 


The  Story  of  Catiline. 


EXERCISE    35. 

To  be  sure,  he  had  arrived  too  late  to  ^  be  a  candi- 
date^ at  the  regular  election,  even  had  the  Africans 
entered  no  complaint.^  But  the  consuls  elect,  Sulla 
and  Autronius,  were  convicted  of  bribery,'*  and  so  a 
new  ^  election  was  held.  It  was  ^  at  this  that  ^  Catiline 
hoped  to  be  a  candidate.  Disappointed  in  this"  hope,^ 
he  made  a  plan  with  Autronius,  Gnaeus  Piso,  and^ 
certain  others  to  murder,  on  January  1,  Torquatus 
and  Cotta,  who  were  declared  consuls  at  this  last  elec- 
tion, and  who  would  ^^  enter  upon  the  duties  of  office  ^^ 
on  that  date.^^  The  conspiracy  was  discovered,  and 
the  plan  was  postponed  until  February  5,  when  not 

only  the  consuls,  but  many  of  the  senators  were  to  be 
killed.i3 

1  Lit.    later   than    that    he  ^  gee  Exercise  33,  k.  7. 
could.                                                      8  gpQ  lapsus. 

2  competitor.  ^  See  Exercise  34,  n.  4. 
^  nihil  queri.                                    lo  Active  periphrastic. 

*  ambitus.  n  magistrdtum  inire. 

^  Use  adverb  denuo.  i^  dies. 

6  Express  by  emphatic  posi-  i^  x,it.  they  were  preparing 

tion  of  the  demonstrative.  to  kill. 


58  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    36. 

Cicero  says  that  on  the  appointed  day  the  conspira- 
tors began  ^  to  gather,  but  that  Catiline  gave  the  signal 
before  everything  was  ready.  There  are  some,  how- 
ever, who  think  that  Caesar  was  the  one^  appointed""^  to 
give  the  signal,  and  that  he  would  have  done  so,  had 
he  not  noticed  that  Crassus  was  missing.  Whether 
Catiline  gave  the  signal  too  soon,  or  whether  Caesar 
feared  to  give  ^  it  ^  because  of  the  absence  of  Crassus,*^ 
is  very  uncertain.^  But  at  any  rate  ^  this  plau,  which  ^ 
Cicero  calls  ''the  earlier  conspiracy,"  was  unsuccess- 
ful. Meanwhile  Catiline's  trial  for  extortion  had  not 
yet  taken  place ^"  —  a  circumstance"  which  prevented 
his  standing  for  the  consulship  in  65,^-  just^  as  it  had 
done  ^^  the  year  before.^* 

iNot    the    perfect    of    in-  ^  B.    250.    8;    A.   306;   G. 

cipere ;  see  Vocabulary.  614.  r.  3.  &  ;  H.  396.  2. 

2  Cf.  Exercise  35,  n.  6.  lo  Lit.  Catiline  was  still  a 

3  \j&Q  negotium  permUti2iw(i  defendant  on  a  charge  of  ex- 
dative,  tortion    (de    rehus  repetundis 

4  Distinguish  between  fear-  reus). 
ing  to  do  a  thing  and  fearing  ^^  res. 

that  it  may  come  to  pass.  ^^  Consuls,      L.      Aurelius 

6  Omit.  Cotta    and    L.   Manlius   Tor- 

6  Ablative  absolute.  quatus. 

"^  parum  constdre.  i3  Repeat   the  verb  of  the 

8  Lit.  howsoever  the  matter  preceding  clause. 

stands  {se  habere).  '^^ proximus. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  59 


EXERCISE    37. 

It  is  worth  ^  noting  that,  though  Catiline  was  beyond 
doubt  guilty,  Cicero  was  undecided^  whether  or  not^ 
to  undertake  his  defence  ^  on  the  charge  of  extortion. 
Either^  at  that  time  he  did  not  realize  what  sort  of 
man  Catiline  was,  or  he  was  willing  to  defend  him  in 
order  to  ^  secure  his  support ' ;  yet  it  cannot  be  proved 
that  he  did  undertake  the  case.^  However,  Catiline 
was  acquitted,  and  both  he  and  Cicero  were  candidates 
for  the  consulship  in  the  year  64.^  About  June  1 
Catiline  began  to  sound ^"  men  individually,  and  a  little 
later  brought  together  all  those  whom  he  thought  ripe 
for^^  revolution.  When  these  had  assembled,  he  de- 
livered a  speech^  in  which  he  tried  to  persuade  them 
that,^^  if  he  should  be  elected  ^^  consul,  he  would  carry 
things  with  a  high  hand  ^^  and  confer  many  benefits 
upon  them. 

1  operae  pretium  esse.                     ^  Lit.  that  the  case  was  so 

2  diibitdre.  undertaken. 

3  Xecne  in  indirect  ques-  ^  Consuls,  Lucius  Julius 
tions,  annon  in  direct.  Caesar    and  Gains    Marcius 

*  For  sequence,  see  B.  268.  Figulus. 

2  ;  A.  585.  a  ;  G.  518  ;  H.  548.  i^  teniptdre. 

5  'either.  .  .  or'    may    be  ^^  pardtiis  ad. 
rendered  by  sive  quod  .  .  .  sive  ^  ordtionem  habere. 

quod,  joining  with  preceding  i^  Distinguish      from     per- 

sentence.  suading  to  do  a  thing. 

6  eo  consilio  .  .  .   ut.  '^^  fieri. 

'' eius  grdtiam  sibi  concili-  ^'^  omnia  sud  arbitrio  facere. 

are. 


60  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   38. 

He  further  assured  them  that  his  x^lans  would  be 
supported  ^  by  Gnaeus  Piso  in  Spain  and  by  Publius 
Sittius  Nucerinus  in  Africa,  and  that  he  hoped  to 
have  as  his  colleague  Gains  Antonius,  a  man  in  sympa- 
thy with 2  his  designs  and  deeply  in^  debt.  When  the 
speech  was  finished,  they  all  promised  to  work  hard 
for^  Catiline's  election,  and  swore  that  they  would 
not  divulge  what  they  had  heard;  it  is  even  said^ 
that,  in  order  to  make  the  oath  more  binding,^  they 
partook  of  ^  blood  mingled  with  wine.  Quintus  Curius, 
one  of  the  conspirators,  could  not,  however,  control 
his  tongue,  but^  disclosed  all  to  his  mistress,  Fulvia. 
Through  her  ^  the  matter  came  to  Cicero's  ears,'*^  and 
great  fear  fell  upon  "  all  good  citizens. 


1  Use  adiuvdre.  What  are  themselves  more  closely  (ar- 
the  peculiarities  of  the  future  tius).  Note  the  comparative 
passive  infinitive  ?  in  the  purpose  clause  ;  In  trod. 

2  Use  favere.  64. 

3  Use  oppressus.  "^  degustdre. 
*  mdximam    operam    dare  ^  atque. 

(wi),  9  Cf.  Exercise  33,  n.  7. 

5  See  Exercise  33,  n.  4.  1°  Lit.  v^^as  reported  to  C. 

6  Lit.  that  they  might  bind  "  Passive  of  inicere. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  61 


EXERCISE   39. 

As  a  result  of^  this  report  a  more  stringent^  law 
against"  bribery  was  proposed,"^  so  that  Catiline  might 
not  dare  to  buy  votes.  Shortly  before  the  election, 
along  with  others,  Cicero  advocated^  this  law  in  a 
speech  called  In  Toga  Candida.  The  greater  part  of 
this  is  lost,  but  we  learn  from  Asconius,  who  has  pre- 
served some  fragments,^  that  in  it  Cicero  assailed 
Catiline  and  Antonius  bitterly,  and  that  they  replied 
in  like  strain,"  calling  attention^  to  the  fact^  that  he 
was  a  novus  homo.  The  nobles,  it  is  true,  for  this 
very  reason ^°  had  little  sympathy  with  Cicero,  but 
they  were  afraid  of  Catiline.  So,  when  the  election 
was  held,  Cicero  was  declared  consul  unanimously,^^ 
his  colleague  however  being  Antonius,  the  above-men- 
tioned ^-  friend  of  Catiline. 


1  Make  ablative  absolute  by  '  Use  similis. 

adding  divulgdtus  ;  or  use  the           ^  See  Exercise  33,  n.  13. 

preposition  ex  simply.  ^  Omit. 

2  acer.  ^°  oh  id  ipsiim. 

3  de.  ^^  omnibus  suffrdgils. 

*  ferre.  ^^  Lit.  whom   I  have  men- 

5  suddere.  tioned  (d'lcere)  above. 
^  vestigium. 


62  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    40. 

From  Catiline's  defeat^  we  can  judge ^  how  greatly 
he  was  feared;  for  it  is  said  that  both  Caesar  and 
Crassus  worked  hard  for  his  election.  And  though 
the  conspiracy  was  for  the  time  being  checked,  the 
danger  was  still  imminent,^  because  one  of  the  con- 
suls for  the  coming  year'*  was  in  sympathy  with 
the  conspirators.  But  Antonius  was  persuaded  by 
Cicero  to  spare  ^  the  state  on  condition  that  ^  he  should 
have  as  ^  his  ^  province  Macedonia,  which  the  lot  had 
assigned*^  to  Cicero  himself;  for  Antonius  was  anxious 
to  gain  wealth,  and  Macedonia  was  a  rich  province. 
In  exchange  for^  it  Cicero  received  Antonius'  prov- 
ince of  Cisalpine  Gaul;  but  even  this  he  did  not^^ 
retain,  giving  it  over  subsequently  "  to  Metellus  Celer 
because,  as  he  said/-  he  did  not  wish  to  leave  Eome 
at  the  end  of  his  consulship. 


ut. 


non. 


1  repulsa. 

^  ed  lege  ...  2 

2  Impersonal ;  or  see  Introd. 

7  Omit. 

56. 

^  dare. 

3  Lit.  there  was  still  plenty 

^  pro. 

of  danger. 

10  Avoid  etiam 

*  consul  designdtus. 

11  posted. 

fi  Lit.  not  to  injure. 

12  Introd.  76. 

Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.  63 


EXERCISE   41. 

In  63  ^  Catiline's  opponents  brought  him  to  trial  on 
a  charge  of  mnrder,^  which  he  was  said^  to  have  com- 
mitted in  the  times  of  Sulla.     But  he  was  acquitted, 
and,  being  not  at  all  discouraged  by  previous  failures,'^ 
decided  to  run  for  the  consulship  again  this  year.     If 
elected,  he  purposed  as^  consul  elect  to  fulfil  at  once 
the  promises^  made  to  the  conspirators,  hoping^  to  be 
able^  to  persuade  Antonius  that  it  was  to  his  advan- 
tage 9  to  disregard  the  pledge  ^^  given  to  Cicero  and  to 
aid  his  former  friends.     But  it  seems  that  that  consul, 
now  that   he  had  been  given   Macedonia,  had  little 
sympathy ^1  with  the  conspiracy;  so  that^^  Catiline's 
hope  was  probably  ^^  groundless.^*     Meanwhile,  Cicero 
was  kept  informed  of  all  his  plans,  and  protected  his 
own  life  with  a  guard  of  friends  and  clients. 

1  Consuls,    Marcus   Tullius  »  The  present  infinitive  of 
Cicero    and    Gains    Antonius  posse  is  sufficient. 
Hybrida.  ^  interesse. 

2  reum  facere  and  genitive.  ^^  fidem  violdre. 

3  Passive  of  arguere.  ^^  minime  favere. 

4  repulsa.  ^  igitur. 

o  Omit.  ^^  Use  veri  simile  esse. 

6  promissa  absolvere.  ^^  vdnus. 

7  See  Exercise  33,  n.  13. 


64  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE  42. 

Though  Cicero  had  as  yet  no  direct  evidence 
against^  the  conspirators,  he  thought  the  danger  so 
grave  that  he  induced  the  senate  to  postpone  the 
election,  and  to  meet  on  that  day  to  consider  the  situa- 
tion^ more^  carefully.  When  the  senate  was  con- 
vened at  that  time,  Cicero  addressed  Catiline,  bidding 
him  clear''  himself  if  he  could.  He,  as  usual  un- 
abashed,^ proclaimed  that  he  was  the  leader  of  the 
popular  party,  and  that  he  would  not^  fail  the  people 
if  they  needed  his  services.  The  senate,  though 
startled,  did  not  pass  a  severe  decree,  despite  the  fact 
that,^  a  few-  days  before,  when  Cato  threatened  Cati- 
line with  a  lawsuit,*  the  latter  had  declared  that  they  ^ 
would  rue  it,  if  he  were  in  any  way  ^°  injured. 

1  certa  indicia  de.  ®  See  Exercise  33,  n.  8. 

2  de  his  rebus  agere.  "^  quamqiiam. 

3  See  Exercise  38,  n.  6  (end).      ^  Accusative. 

*  purgdre.  ®  I.e.  the  senators. 

^  ut  semper  auddx.  ^°  quid. 


Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.  Qtb 


EXERCISE  43. 

IMeanwhile  Manlius,  an  ally  of  Catiline,  had  gone  to 
Faesulae  in  Etruria/  and  was  there  gathering  an  army 
to  aid  him.  It  was  now  arranged^  that  Manlius 
should  make  an  armed  demonstration  ^  on  October  27, 
w^hile^  at  Rome  Catiline  should  kill  his  competitors 
and  Cicero  on  election  day,^  in  case  he  was  not  chosen 
consul.  A  rumor  about  the  doings  ^  in  Etruria  became 
current^  in  the  city,  and  many  citizens  received  anony- 
mous *  letters  warning  them  to  flee  to  the  country.  So 
w^hen,  on  October  21,  Cicero  arose  in  the  senate  and 
announced  w^hat  would  take  place  ^  in  a  few  days,  the 
decretum  ultimum  was  passed,  enjoining  it^°  upon  the 
consuls  to  see  that  the  state  suffered  no  injury. 

1  B.  182.  2.  6  ;  A.  428.  j  ;  «  Make  a  relative  clause. 
G.  337.  R.  6;  H.  418.  1.  ^  percrebescere. 

2  Use  constituere.  ^  sine  nomine. 

3  arma  sumere.  ^  A.  575.  a  ;  G.  515  ;  H.  649. 

*  Not  a  subordinating  con-      II.  1. 

junction  here.  i°  Use  imperdre. 

*  Use  in  comitiis. 


66  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   44. 

On  the  day  of  the  election,^  Cicero  went  down  to 
the  Campus  Martius  wearing^  a  coat  of  mail  ^  under 
his  toga.  This  he  did,  not  because  ^  he  thought  that 
it  would  protect  him,  but  because  he  wished  all  good 
citizens  to  realize  the  danger.  Silanus  and  Murena 
were  elected  consuls,  and  Catiline  found  it  impossible^ 
to  carry  out  his  plan.  Manlius,  however,  made  a 
demonstration  on  the  appointed  day,  and  it  was  an- 
nounced that  forces  were  gathering  in  other  parts  of 
Italy,  and  that  slaves  were  rising.^  The  senate,  fear- 
ing^ that  the  towns  of  Italy  would  not  be  able  to 
check  the  disorder,**  sent  officers  and  forces  to  various 
points,  promising  rewards  to  those  who  should  give 
information^  about  the  conspiracy. 


^  servitia  excitdri. 
7B.    336.    5;    A.   491;    G. 
282.  N.  ;  H.  640.  1. 
^  tumnltus. 
^  indicia  deferre. 


1  Relative  clause. 

2  gerere. 

^  lorica. 

*B.  286.  1.  &  ;   A. 

540. 

2. 

N. 

3  ;  G.  541.  N.  2  ;   H. 

s  Lit.  was  not  able. 

588. 

2. 

The  Story  of  Catiline.  67 


EXERCISE   45. 

But  though  the  conspirators  were  so  many,^  no  one 
could  be  induced  ^  to  give  information  to  the  senate. 
Meanwhile  Catiline  still  lingered  in  the  city ;  and,  in 
order  to  lessen  suspicion,^  he  offered  *  to  take  up  his 
residence^  at  the  house  of  some  prominent  citizen, 
where  he  could  be  watched.  Cicero  refused  to  receive 
him,  because,  as  he  said,«  he  did  not  feeU  safe  while 
they  were  within  the  same  city  walls,  to  say  nothing 
of  ^  being ^  in  the  same  house.^°  Others  also  refused, 
and  it  is  probable  that  no  one  would  have  received 
him,  had  he  not  gone  finally  to  Marcus  Marcellus,  a 
good  friend"  of  his.  At  about  this  time  word  arrived 
that  Praeneste  had  been  attacked  on  November  1, 
but  that  the  guards  stationed  by  Cicero  had  pro- 
tected it. 

1  Lit.  the  multitude  of  the  ^  See  Exercise  40,  n.  11. 
conspirators  was  so  great.  "^  Use  putdre. 

2  Use  persuddere.  ^  nUum. 

3  Lit.  that  suspicion  might  ^  Omit. 

be  less.  ^°  Avoid    the    singular    of 

4  Lit.  said  he  was  willing.  aedes. 

6  habitdre.  "  soddlis. 


68  Latin  Composition  —  Part  It. 


EXERCISE   46. 

On  the  night  ^  of  November  6,  Catiline  slipped 
away  from^  the  house  of  Marcus  Marcellus  to  meet 
with  the  other  ^  conspirators  at  the  home  of  Marcus 
Laeca.  Catiline  was  almost  ready  *  to  leave  the  city 
and  join  Manlius,  and  so  there  was  much  business  to 
be  transacted  at  this  meeting ;  and,  most  ^  important 
of  all,^  since  Catiline  said  that  he  was  unwilling  to 
leave  the  city  while  Cicero  was  alive/  two  Eoman 
knights,  Gains  Cornelius  and  Lucius  Vargunteius, 
agreed  to  call  upon  Cicero  at  early  dawn  and,  when 
admitted  to  greet  him,  to  kill  him  in  his  bed.  The 
meeting,  it  seems,*  broke  up  too  late  for^  them  to 
carry  out  the  plan  that  night,  and  it  was  accordingly 
postponed  until  ^^  the  following  night. 

1  noctu  may  be  used.  ^  Omit. 

2  clam  relinquere.  "^  Ablative  absolute. 

3  aln  or  ceteri  f  ^  ut  videtur. 

*  iam  and  the  active  peri-  ^  See  Exercise  36,  n.  1. 

phrastic.  ^^  in. 

^  Lit.  that  which  was  most 
important. 


Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.  69 


EXERCISE   47. 

Cicero  says  that  the  meeting  was  hardly  dismissed 
when  the  news  was  carried  to  him.  Thinking  ^  that 
the  peril  was  great,  he  surrounded  his  house  with 
stronger  -  guards,  and  informed  many  prominent  citi- 
zens what  the  names  of  the  two  conspirators  were,  and 
at  what  time  they  would  come'^  to  his  house.  When  the 
men  arrived,  they  found  closed  doors ;  and,  after  they 
had  gone  away  in  anger,*  Cicero  convened^  the  senate 
in^  the  temple"  of  Jupiter  Stator.  Thither «  Catiline 
ventured  to  come,  though  he  realized  that  his  plans 
were  discovered,  and  though  Lucius  Paulus  had  threat- 
ened to  bring  him  to  trial  ^  for  sedition.^<^ 

1  Cf.  Exercise  44,  x.  7.  ^  ^ote  the  idea  of  motion  in 

2  mdior.  convocdre. 

3  See  Exercise  43,  n.  9.  '  Singular  or  plural  of  aedes  f 
*  irdtus.  ^  See  Exercise  33,  n.  7, 
'^convocdre,  ^reumfacere. 

10  de  vi. 


70  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   48. 

As  ^  he  was  taking  his  seat,^  the  other  senators  did 
not  hesitate  to  show  their  fear  by  leaving  the  nearest 
benches  empty.  Then  Cicero  arose  and  delivered 
against  him  a  speech  which  was  afterward  written  out 
and  preserved.  At  its  close  ^  Catiline  tried  to  reply, 
but  the  senators  shouted  "  traitor  "  ^  and  "  murderer," 
and  he  rushed  forth  from  the  senate  house,  leaving 
the  city  that  very  night.  As  he  journeyed^  he  sent 
back  letters  to  influential  men,  to  the  effect^  that  he 
was  going  into  exile  at  Marseilles/  that  he  had  done 
no  wrong,^  and  that  he  would  not  ^  have  gone,  had  he 
not  feared  that  the  commonwealth  would  suffer  some 
harm  ^^  if  he  stood  his  ground." 

1  dura.  6  Omit. 

2  sessum  ire.  "^  See  Exercise  43,  n.  1. 

3  Make  ablative  absolute  by  ^  Use  innocens. 
adding  habitus,  and  see  Exer-  ^  See  Exercise  33,  n.  8. 
cise  33,  N.  7.  i'^  Use  nocere. 

*  hostis.  11  resistere. 

^  ex  itinere. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  71 


EXERCISE   49. 

As  soon  as  Cicero  learned  that  Catiline  had  left  the 
city,  he  sent  messengers  to  warn  the  municipalities 
that^  the  latter  had  taken  up  arms.  On  the  next  day 
he  assembled  the  citizens  at  Rome,  telling  them  that 
the  man  they  had  so  greatly  feared  had  departed  at 
last.  Though  Catiline  had  written  to  many  promi- 
nent men  that  he  was  going  into  exile,  there  was  no 
one  who  did  not  doubt  the  truth  of  this.-  For  Quin- 
tus  Catulus  read  in  the  senate  a  letter  of  very  differ- 
ent purport,^  which  he  said  had  been  sent  to  him  by 
Catiline,  to  the  effect^  that  he  (Catiline)  had  been 
forced  to  take  up  arms,  because  he  had  not  been 
allowed ,  to  have  in  the  state  the  honors  which  he 
deserved.^ 

1  Cf.  Exercise  37,  n.  13.  *  Omit. 

2  Lit.  that    this    was    true  ^  Lit.    of    which     he    was 
{ita  res  se  habere).                          worthy. 

2  longe  diversiLs. 


72  Latin  Composition  —  Part  11. 


EXERCISE    50. 

As  a  matter  of  fact/  Catiline  in  a  few  days  reached 
Manlius  at  Faesulae,  having  on  the  way  taken  the  in- 
signia of  a  consul  and  gathered  forces  on  every  hand. 
The  senate  thereupon  declared  Catiline  and  Manlius 
enemies  of  the  state,^  and  directed  Antonius  to  take 
the  field  ^  against  them,  Cicero  being  put  in  charge  of 
the  city.  At  this  same  time  there  were  unimportant  * 
disturbances  in  various  parts  of  Italy,  but  these  were 
checked  without  difficulty.  At  Rome,  Lentulus  and 
the  other  conspirators  were  planning  to  burn  and 
murder  on  the  Saturnalia  —  a  time^  at  which  they 
expected  that  Catiline  would  approach  the  city  with 
an  army  to  help  them. 

1  re  vera.  *  minor. 

2  hostis.  ^  See  Exercise  34,  n.  15. 
*  helium  inferred 


Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.  73 


EXERCISE   51. 

Meanwhile  ambassadors  of  the  Allobroges  came  to 
town,  sent,  as  they  said,  because  their  citizens  were 
being  injured  by  Romans.  Thinking^  that  these 
Gauls  would  be  very-  useful  allies  if  they  could  be 
persuaded  to  assist  the  conspirators,  Lentulus  sent 
Publius  Umbrenus,  who  was  a  freedman  and  had 
once^  been  a  trader^  in  Gaul,  to  interview^  them.  The 
Gauls  were  easily  persuaded  that  it  was  to  their 
interest  to  cast  in  their  lot  with*^  Lentulus,  and  Um- 
brenus then  conducted  them  to  the  house'  of  Deciraus 
Brutus,  who  happened  ^  to  be  away  from  the  city  at 
that  time,  and  whose  wife  Sempronia  was  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  conspirators.  Thither  Umbrenus 
summoned  Gabinius,  that  ^  the  ambassadors  might 
have  greater   confidence. 

1  See  Exercise  33,  n.  13,  and  "  If  domiis  is  used,  distin- 
Exercise  44,  x.  7.                             guish   between   the   construc- 

2  per-.  tions  for  'house  '  and  'home.' 
2  quondam.  ^  Use  forte. 

*  Use  negotidn.  ^  Note  the  comparative  in 

^  convenire.  the  clause. 

6  Lit.  join  with. 


74  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   52. 

When  the  Allobroges  heard  the  names  of  many 
prominent  citizens  whom  Gabinius  mentioned  as^  im- 
plicated^ in  the  conspiracy,  they  promised  to  help,  and 
were  dismissed.  But  the  conspirators  made  a  great 
mistake^  in^  trusting  them;  for,  after  hesitating  long 
whether  to  do^  what  they  had  promised  or  to  disclose 
the  matter,  they  finally  told  all  to  their  patron 
Quintus  Fabius  Sanga,  and  he  lost  no  time  ^  in  report- 
ing what  he  had  heard ^  to  Cicero.  The  latter,  feeling^ 
that  at  last  he  had  the  opportunity  for  which  he  had 
long  been  waiting,  urged  the  Gauls  to  approach  as 
many  as  possible,®  pretending^"  that  they  were  friends, 
and  to  secure  a  sworn  statement"  from  them.  In  this 
way  he  hoped  that  the  conspirators  would  be  taken  ^^ 
off  their  guard. ■^'^ 

1  Lit.  said  were.  7  Or  lit.  these  things. 

2  particeps.  s  rerl. 

3  stultissime  facei'e.  ^  quam  with  superlative, 

^  cum  and  indicative.  lo  See    again    Exercise   33, 

s  Do  not  confuse  the  delib-  n,  13. 
erative  question  with  the  case  "  ius  iurandum. 

referred  to  Exercise  43,  n.  9.  12  gee  Exercise  38,  n.  1. 

6  Use  celeriter.  i^  incautus. 


Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.  75 


EXERCISE   53. 

Lentulus,  Cetliegus,  and  ^  Statilins  were  easily  per- 
suaded to  give  them  letters  to  take  back  to  their  own 
countrymen  to  the  effect-  that  they^  would  perform 
what  they  had  promised  the  ambassadors.  In  the 
same  letters  they  assured  the  Gauls  that  there  was 
plenty  of  infantry  in  Italy,  and  directed  them  to  see 
to  it^  that  cavalry  be  not  lacking.  It  seems  that^ 
Lucius  Cassius  suspected  treachery  on  the  part-  of 
the  ambassadors;  at  any  rate^  he  declined  to  give  a 
sworn  statement,  saying  that'  he  would  soon  visit ^ 
their  people  in  Gaul,  and  left  the  city  a  few  days 
before  they  were  ready  to  start.  ^  ^Meanwhile  it  had 
been  arranged  that  Titus  Yolturcius  of  Crotona^*' 
should  go  with  the  ambassadors  and  conduct  them  to 
Catiline,  so  that  they  might  make  a  compact  ^^  with 
him  on  the  way  home.^^ 

1  See  Exercise  34,  x.  4.  by  a  causal  clause ;  cf .  Introd. 

2  Omit.  76. 


2  I.  e.     Lentulus    and    the 

s  ire  ad. 

others. 

^  iter  face  re. 

*  curare. 

10  Crotoniensis. 

^  See  Exercise  33,  n.  4. 

11  societdtem  confirmdre. 

6  certe. 

12  Lit.      travelling     (profi- 

7  This  may  be  paraphrased 

clsci)  home. 

Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   54. 

Lentulus  entrusted  ^  to  Volturcius  a  letter  to  Cati- 
line also,  urging  him  to  enlist  even^  slaves  —  the  very 
thing  which  Cicero  had  hoped  he  would  do.  Ac- 
cordingly the  latter  ordered  that,  on  the  night  ^  of 
December  2,  the  praetors  Lucius  Flaccus  and  Gains 
Pomptinus  should  lie  in  wait^  with  armed  men  near^ 
the  Mulvian  bridge.  And  when  the  ambassadors  and 
Volturcius  began''  to  cross,  these''  made  a  sudden 
attack.  The  Allobroges,  suspecting  that  it  had  been 
done  by  Cicero's  order,  at  once  surrendered;  but  Vol- 
turcius wished  to  fight,  until  he  found  himself  alone.^ 
Then  he  too  surrendered,  and  the  letters  were  seized 
by  the  praetors.  This  happened  at  about  the  end  of  ^ 
the  third  watch,  and  as  day  was  breaking,  the  men 
and  letters  arrived  ^^  at  Cicero's  house. 

1  dare  ;  with  dative  of  car-  ^  ^^^ 

rier  and  ad  with  accusative  of  ^  See  Exercise  36,  n.  1. 

the  person  addressed.  "^  See  Exercise  33,  n.  7. 

2  Lit.  not  to  refuse  even.  ^  Lit.  deserted. 

3  Use  noctu.  ^  Use  exdctus. 

*  insidids  facere.  i°  Use  deducere. 


Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.,  77 


EXERCISE    55. 

As  soon  as  the  men  arrived,  Cicero  summoned 
to  him  Gabinius,  Statilius,  Cethegiis,  Lentulus,  and 
Caepariiis.  These  all,  suspecting  nothing,  came  one 
by  one,^  excepting  ^  Caeparius.  Apparentl}^^  he  had 
heard  what  had  happened,  for  he  tried  to  escape ;  but 
he  was  intercepted  and  brought  back.  IMeanwhile, 
as  the  news  spread,^  prominent  citizens  hastened  to 
Cicero's  house  and  tried  to  persuade  him  to  open  the 
letters  at  once,  so  that  he  might  not  call  the  senate 
together  and'  disturb  the  city  unless  there  were  some^ 
need.'  He,  however,  said  that  he  would  not^  break 
the  seals  ^  until  the  senate  had  convened,  well^*^  know- 
ing what  the  letters  contained. ^^  There  are  some, 
however,  who  think  he  did  this^-  in  order  to  make  a 
greater  show.^^ 

1  siiigidi.  ^  Cf.  Exercise  25,  x.  8. 

2  Ablative    absolute    {exci-  ^  Use  linum  incidere. 
pere).                                                   ^°  c^rto. 

3  Use  videri.  ^^  Lit.  what  was  written  in 
*  percrehescere.                            the  letters. 

5  neve.  ^^  ^ta  se  gerere. 

6  Omit.  ^^  ostentdtio. 
■^  opus. 


78  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    56. 

While  ^  the  senate  was  gathering,  Gains  Snlpicins 
was  sent  by  Cicero,  on  the  suggestion  ^  of  the  Ailo- 
broges,  to  see  whether^  there  were  any"*  weapons  in 
the  house  of  Cethegus.  He  found  a  great  number 
there  —  a  thing  which  made  the  guilt  ^  of  the  conspir- 
ators all  the  clearer.  Meanwhile  the  senate  had  con- 
vened in^  the  temple  of  Concord,  and  thither  came 
Cicero,  personally'^  leading  Lentulus,  because  he  was 
still  praetor,  the  other  conspirators  being  brought 
under  guard.^  Volturcius  was  the  first  witness  brought 
in;  and  when  he  had  been  allowed  to  turn  state's  evi- 
dence,^ he  declared  that  he  had  been  sent  with  a  letter 
to  Catiline,  and  that,  with  the  help  of  the  latter,^"  the 
conspirators  had  hoped  to  destroy  Kome  and  kill 
many  of  the  citizens. 

1  dum.  *  Place  Where  or  To  Which? 

2  admonitu.  '  ipse. 

3  mim.  ^  cum  custodihus. 

*  B.    252.    1;    A.    149.    6;  ^  ei  fidem  puhlicam  darl. 

G.  107.  1.  R.;  H.  186.  lo  Ablative  absolute. 

^  scelus. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  79 


EXERCISE    57. 

Though  the  Allobroges  had  been  among  ^  the  con- 
spirators but^  a  few  days,  they  were  able  to  disclose 
much,  —  that  Lentulus  and  the  others  had  hoped 
that  horsemen  would  be  sent  from  Gaul,  that  Len- 
tulus believed  that  he  was  the  third  Cornelius  who 
should  rule  over  the  Romans,  and  that  Cethegus  had 
wanted  to  burn  and  murder  ^  at  once,  without  waiting  ^ 
for  the  Saturnalia.  When  the  letters  were  brought 
out,  the  conspirators  at  first  attempted  to  deny  all, 
and  Lentulus  actually^  asked  the  ambassadors  what 
business  he  had  ever  had  ^  with  them.  But  at  last 
they  gave  it  up,''  admitting  all  that  the  Gauls  charged; 
and  Lentulus  acknowledged  the  seal  on  the  letter  to 
Catiline,^  even  though  it  was  anonymous.^ 

1  versari  inter.  ^  Lit.  what  there  had  ever 

2  Implied  in  pauci.  been  to  him. 

3  Use   facer e    and  accusa-  "  desistere. 
tives.                                                     8  Supply  datus. 

*  Cf.  Exercise  33,  n.  8.  ^  sine  nomine. 

*  ultro. 


80  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    58. 

In  order  that  no  one^  might  thereafter  be  able  to 
claim  that  the  evidence  was  not  faithfully^  tran- 
scribed in  ^  the  public  records,  Cicero  had  arranged 
that  all  the  words  of  the  witnesses,  the  questions  ^  and 
answers,  should  be  taken  down''  by  certain  senators, 
men  of  known  integrity,^  who,  because  of  their  mem- 
ory, knowledge,  and  speed  in''  writing,  could  most 
easily  follow^  what  was  said.  These  public  records 
he  later  ordered  copied,  and  distributed  them  over 
alP  Italy,  even  sending  them  to  every  province,  be- 
cause, he  says,  he  desired  that  no  one  should  fail 
to  know  ^^  of  this  evidence  from  which  salvation  had 
been  secured  ^^  for  the  state.  He  claims  that  there 
was  no  place  on  earth  where  the  name  of  Rome  was  ^^ 

known,  to  which  this  evidence  did  not  go.^^ 

* 

1  Cf.  Exercise  56,  n.  4.  9  Introd.  47. 
^falso.                                              1°  expers  esse. 

2  referri  in  and  accusative.  ^^  Use  offerrl. 

*  interrogdtum.  ^'^  For  sequence,  see  Exer- 

^  \]&e  perscrihere.  cise  37,  x.  4. 
^  fides  probata.  ^^  Lit.    but    that    this    evi- 

■^  Lit.  of.  dence     went    to     the     same 

8  persequi.  place. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  81 


EXERCISE   59. 

After  the  evidence  had  been  taken  down,  the  senate 
thanked^  Cicero,  Flaccus,  and  Pomptinus,  decreeing 
that,  when  Lentuhis  had  laid  down  his  praetorship,- 
he  and  the  other  conspirators  shoukl  be  put  under 
arrest.^  This  decree  applied  as  well  to'*  several  indi- 
viduals^ who  were  not  present.  On  this  occasion  a 
thanksgiving  also  was  voted  in  Cicero's  name^ — an 
honor  which  he  says  had  never  before  fallen ''  to  any 
but  a  warrior,^  and  which  he  claims  had  hitherto  been 
granted  because  the  interests  of  the  state  had  been 
furthered,^  but  now  because  the  state  itself  had  been 
preserved.  When  this  business  was  transacted,  the 
senators  were  dismissed,  and  Cicero,  going  outdoors,^° 
addressed  the  people,  keeping  them  until  evening  as 
he  related  what  had  just  taken  place  within. 

1  grdtids  agere.  ^  Ablative,   without  prepo 

2  se  praeturd  ahdicdre.  sition. 

3  in  custodiam  trddi.  "^  contingere.     . 
*  Lit.   the  same  thing  was          ^  armdtus. 

decreed  against.  ^  I'es  publica  bene  geri. 

5  Omit.  '^^  fords. 


Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    60. 

The  senate  met  again  on  the  following  day,  and 
liberal-  rewards  were  given  the  Allobroges.  On  re- 
turning from  the  senate  meeting,^  it  seems  that  Cicero 
was  received  at^  the  house  of  a  friend,  because  the 
rites  of  the  Bona  Dea  were  taking  place  at  his  own. 
And  there  is  a  story'*  to  the  effect^  that  when  the 
ashes  ^  were  nearly  dead,  a  sudden  flame  shot  up  on^ 
the  altar  of  the  goddess,  and  that  when  this  occur- 
rence ^  was  reported  by  Terentia  to  Cicero,  he  imme- 
diately accepted  it  as  a  good^  omen.  Though  the 
story  may  not  be  true,  it  is  nevertheless  clear  that, 
now  that  he  had  the  conspirators  in  his  power,  Cicero 
w^as  hesitating  what  to  do  next,  and  that  during  this 
night  his  courage  was  somehow  ^°  strengthened.  For 
in  the  morning  he  had  decided  to  inflict  the  severest " 
penalty. 

1  mdximus.  "^  exdrdescere  ex. 

2  d  sendtu.  ^  res. 

3  See  Exercise  56,  n.  6.  ^  secnndiis. 

"    *  trdditinn  est.  ^^  nescib  quo  pacto. 

*  Omit.  11  ultimus. 

^  favilla  (singular). 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  83 


EXERCISE   61. 

Meanwhile  Lentulus  and  the  other  conspirators 
were  in  the  custody  of  ^  individual  senators,  and  it 
is  worth  ^  mentioning  that  it  was'^  Statilius  who  had 
been  committed  to  Caesar.  It  is  probable  ^  that  a  dif- 
ferent arrangement  would  have  been  made,^  if  Cicero 
had  not  suspected  that  Caesar  was  in  sympathy  with 
the  conspiracy.  Apparently  ^  he  was  unwilling  to  put 
Lentulus  or  Cethegus  in  his  charge/  fearing  that  he 
would  not  keep  guard  carefully.  At  this  same  time 
friends  of  the  conspirators  tried  to  gather  a  band  ^  of 
slaves  and  workmen  to  rescue  them  by  force.  When 
Cicero  learned  of  this/  he  at  once  stationed  guards 
—  a  thing  which  perhaps  he  ought  to  have  done^^ 
beforehand. 


1  Lit.  were  guarded  by.  ^  Use  videri. 

^  operae  pretium  esse.  ">  Use  credere. 

3  Of.  Exercise  35,  x.  6.  ^  manum  compardre. 

*  veri  simile.  ^  See  Exercise  33,  n.  7. 

5  Lit.  it  would   have  been  lo  B.  270.  2  ;  A.  486.  a  ;  G. 

done  otherwise.  280.  2.  &  ;  H.  618.  2. 


84  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   62. 

On  December  5  the  senate  met  to  consider  what 
punishment  was  to  be  inflicted  upon  the  conspirators/ 
and  Decimus  Junius  Silanus,  consul  elect,  was  first^ 
asked  his  opinion.^  He  declared  that  he  thought 
the  men  deserved^  the  severest  punishment,  meaning 
thereby^  that  they  ought  to  be  executed.  Though 
many  assented  to  this  view,^  Nero  urged  '^  that  no  ac- 
tion be  taken  ^  on  that  day,  because,  as  he  said,  there 
was  not  sufficient  force  at  hand^  to  carry  out  the  sen- 
ate's decrees.  Then  Julius  Caesar  arose  and  warned 
the  senators  that  ^°  they  could  not  lawfully "  put 
Roman  citizens  to  death  without  a  trial,^^  as  Silanus 
had  proposed,  reminding  ^^  them  that  their  ancestors 
had  allowed  even  condemned  criminals "  to  go  into 
exile,  if  they  chose.^^ 

1  Lit,  with  what  punishment  ^  Lit.  that  nothing  be  done  ; 
the  conspirators  should  be  vis-  see  also  Exercise  56,  n.  4. 
ited  {affici).  ^  Use  adesse. 

2  B.  239  ;   A.  290  ;  G.  325.  i«  Cf.  Exercise  37,  n.  13. 
R.  6  ;  H.  497.  "  iure. 

3  Introd.  2.  ^^  causa  indictd. 
*  Lit.  were  worthy  of.  ^^  commemordre. 
^  Lit.  by  these  words.  ^^  Omit. 

6  Lit.  to  him.  ^^velle. 

"^  contendere. 


Tfie  Story  of  Catiline.  85 


EXERCISE   63. 

He  also^  argued  that  exile  was  a  severer  punish- 
ment than  death;  for.  he  said,-  death  brings  an  end  of 
misery.  Finally,  he  declared  that,  if  Cicero  and  the 
senate  should  put  the  conspirators  to  death  without  a 
trial,  they  would  regret  it  later;  that  there  was  no 
danger  while  men  like  Cicero  held  the  consulship,  but 
that  at  some  time,  with  this  precedent,"^  an  unprin- 
cipled consul  might '*  renew  the  proscriptions  of  Sulla. 
He  therefore  proposed  that^  the  goods  of  the  con- 
spirators be  confiscated  and  that  the  men  should  be 
guarded  in  various  cities  throughout  ^  Italy.  This 
speech  produced  a  marked  effect,'  and  Silanus  tried  to 
explain  that  by  saying^  that  the  men  deserved  the 
severest  punishment,  he  did  not  mean^  that  they 
should  be  executed. 


^  porro.  ^  censere      and     gerundive 

2  Omit.  Cbnstruction. 

^  hoc  exeraplo.  ^  Use  totus. 

*  The  present  of  posse   is  ^  multum  valere. 

sufficient.  ^  cK?n-clause. 


9 


velle. 


86  Latin  Compositioyi  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   64. 

Even^  Quintus  Cicero  began  to  fear  that  his  brother 
Marcus  might  not  be  able  to  carry  through  ^  his  plan. 
And  it  seems  that  he  was  alarmed  for  his  brother's 
safety;  at  any  rate,  when  the  latter  arose,  he  men- 
tioned early  ^  in  his  speech  the  dejection"*  of  Quintus. 
Though  Cicero  tried  to  speak  in  such  a  way  that  it 
would  be  thought  that  he  did  not  care^  which^  punish- 
ment the  senators  chose/  still  it  is  clear  ^  that  he 
wished  the  conspirators  to  be  executed.  And  it  is 
likely  °  that  he  would  have  spoken  more  freely/°  if 
Caesar  and  others  had  been  in  sympathy  with  his 
view."  The  senate  was  not  persuaded  by  this  speech 
that  they  ought  to  execute  the  conspirators;  but  after 
Cato  had  spoken,  they  no  longer  had  any^^  doubt  ^^  on 
that  point. 

1  quin  etiam.  ®  constdre. 

2  trdnsigere.  i  ®  veri  simile. 
^  Use  primus.                                        ^^  libere. 

^  maeror.  "  sententia. 

^  Use  cura.  ^'^  Omit. 

6  I.e.  which  of  the  two.  ^^  Use  duhitdre. 
■^  See  Exercise  43,  n.  9. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  87 


EXERCISE    65. 

Cato  warned  the  senate  that  the  danger  was  great, 
and  that  there  was  need  of  energetic  action,^  pointing 
out^  that  many  citizens  had  in  former  days^  been  put 
to  death  without  a  trial  by  their  peers.'*  So  he  ad- 
vised that  the  extreme  punishment  be  inflicted  ■'  at 
once,  and  the  majority^  of  the  senators  assented^  to 
his  view.  When  the  decree  had  once  been  passed, 
Cicero  allowed  no  night  to  intervene,  but  conducted 
the  conspirators  immediately  to  the  Tullianum,  where 
they  were  let  down  one  by  one  and  strangled.^  When 
he  came  forth  he  uttered  but  a  single  phrase^  to  the 
people,  "They  have  been,"  meaning  thereby  that  the 
conspirators  were  dead.  Then  there  was  great  re- 
joicing throughout  the  whole  city  because,  it  was 
thought,  all  danger  was  now  dispelled. 

1  agere     (gerundive)     cum  ^  Lit.  the  greater  part, 
severitdte.  "^  Syuesis   may  be   allowed 

2  commemordre.  here. 

2  Lit.  past  ages.  ^  Use  gulam  laqueo  fran^ 

*  iniussu  populi,  gere. 

^  Use  sumere.  ^  vox. 


88  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   66. 

At  about  this  same  time  a  certain  Lucius  Tarquinius 
was  brought  into  the  senate,  claiming^  that  he  had 
been  sent  by  Crassus  to  encourage  Catiline,  and  totelP 
him  not  to  be  downcast^  because  the  other  conspirators 
had  been  caught.  There  were  some  who  thought  that 
Cicero  had  instigated*  Tarquinius  to  tell  this  story ,^ 
in  order  that  Crassus  might  not  dare  to  defend  the  ar- 
rested ®  conspirators.  Others  believed  that  the  whole 
thing'  was  devised  by  Autronius,  a  friend  of  Cati- 
line, that  Crassus,  being  in^  like  danger,  might  more 
readily  help  the  others  who  were  charged  ^  with  impli- 
cation in  the  conspiracy.  Sallust  states  that  Crassus 
complained  in  his  hearing  ^°  that  it  was  Cicero  who 
had  subjected  ^^  him  to  this  insult. 

1  dlcere.  ^  Relative  clause. 

2  'Tell'  means  more   than  "^  'the  .  .  .  thing,'  id. 
'  relate  '  here.                                       ^  particeps  esse. 

3  (nou)  se  animo  demittere.  ^  argin  and  infinitive. 
*  persuddere.                                  ^°  Ablative  absolute. 

^  Omit.  11  Use  imponere. 


The  Story  of  Catiline.  89 


EXERCISE   67. 

Whether  Crassus  sent  Tarquinius  or  not^  is  uncer- 
tain, but  it  seems  that  many  at  this  time  suspected 
that  he  was  in  sympathy  with  the  conspirators.  And 
though  he  and  Caesar  reported  facts-  about  the  con- 
spiracy to  Cicero,  trying  in  this  way  to  show  that  they 
were  loyal '^  to  the  state,  it  is  by  no  means  certain'* 
that  they  would  not  have  been  glad  to^  reap  the 
benefits/  if  Catiline's  plans  had  turned  out  well. 
Some  believed  that,  by  the  speech  which  he  delivered'' 
in  the  senate,  Caesar  was  trying  to  help  his  former 
allies  whom  he  had  deserted.  Indeed,^  as  he  left  the 
temple  of  Concord  on  that  day,  certain  knights,  who 
were  on  guard,  threatened  him  with  their  swords. 

1  See  Exercise  .37,  n.  3.  ^  Use  libenter. 

2  indicium  deferre.  ^  fructiis. 
^  amdns.  "^  habere. 

*  parum  constdre.  ^  quin  etiam. 


90  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   68. 

Later  Caesar  was  brought  to  trial,  being  accused 
by  Quintus  Curius  and  Lucius  Vettius  of  having 
been^  in  the  conspiracy.  But  he  managed-  to  es- 
cape ;  for  Cicero  was  persuaded  to  testify  ^  that  he 
had  brought  him  information  about  the  conspiracy  — 
a  thing  which  seemed  to  show  that  he"*  was  not  a 
friend  of  Catiline.  At  about  this  time  many  others 
were  tried,  and  some  of  them  went  into  exile.  In 
fact,  some  years  later,  when  Cicero  was  himself  ex- 
iled,^ he  feared  to  go  to  Athens  because,  as  he  says, 
some  of  these  men  were  still  living  there.  He  there- 
fore proceeded  to  Thessalonica,  where  he  remained 
for  several  months,  and  then  came  back  to  Epirus. 

1  See  Exercise  %'o,  n.  9.  *  I.e.  Caesar. 

"^  facere  2it.  ^  Use  in  exilium  pellere. 

3  indicdre. 


Hie  Story  of  Catiline.  91 


EXERCISE   69. 

To  return^  to  Catiline,  he  had  united  his  forces 
with  those  ^  of  Manlius,  and  was  adding  any  others 
he  could  secure.  Though  the  army  was  a  small  one, 
still  he  declined^  to  accept  slaves,  fearing  that  it 
might  seem  that  in  his  choice'^  of  soldiers  he  was  not 
discriminating^  enough.  About  one-fourth  of  the  men 
had  regular*^  arms,  the  others  being  supplied  with 
spears,  sharpened  stakes,  and  other  similar  weapons. 
With  this  army  he  must  oppose''  either  the  consul 
Antonius,  who  was  now  in  Etruria,  or  Metellus  Celer 
the  praetor,  who  was  beyond  the  Apennines.  While 
waiting  for  news  from  Rome,  he  avoided  meeting 
either^  of  these;  and  when  he  learned  what  had  hap- 
pened there,  his  first  design  was^  to  cross  the  moun- 
tains and  flee  into  Gaul. 

1  B.  282.  4  ;  A.  5.32  ;  G.  545.  6  iustus. 

R.  3  ;  H.  .568.  4.  "^  Gerundive ;  see  Introd.  91. 

2  Lit.  the  army.  ^  Lit.   gave    opportunity  of 

3  nolle.  fighting  to  neither. 

*  Not  abstract.  ^  Lit.  he  first  designed. 

^  severus. 


92  Latin  Composition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE   70. 

Finding  that  Metellus  Celer  had  anticipated^  his 
plan  and  had  encamped  at  the  foot-  of  the  mountains 
to  cut  him  off,  he  decided  to  fight  Antonius,  thinking 
that  he,  being  an  old  ^  ally,  would  perhaps  not  try  to 
crush  him.  But  Antonius  gave  it  out^  that  he  was 
lame,^  and  put  in  command  of  his  troops  Marcus 
Petreius,  a  tried  ^  soldier.  A  fierce  battle  took  place  ^ 
near  Pistoria;  but  the  result^  was  certain  from  the 
beginning.  When  Catiline  saw  his  forces  scattered, 
he  plunged  in  among  the  thickest  of  the  enemy,  and 
died  far  from  his  troops.  The  latter  fought  bravely, 
falling  in  their  places^  with  wounds  in  front ^°;  and 
though  we  may  not  approve  their  designs,  still  we 
cannot  but^^  admire  their  courage. 

'^  praesentire.  ^  Lit.  of  what  sort  the  re- 

2  radices.  suit  would  be. 

3  quondam  may  be  used.  ^  Lit.  where  they  had  taken 
*  simuldre.  their  stand. 

^ pedibus  aeger.  i*^  Use  adversus  (adjective). 

®  veterdnus.  ^^  Lit.  we  cannot  not. 


pugndre  (impersonal). 


Tlie  Story  of  Catiline.  93 


EXERCISE    71. 

Not  only  did  Catiline's  soldiers  fight  bravely,  but 
there  were  some  who  said  that  out  of  ^  all  his  forces 
no  freeborn^  citizen  was  taken  alive.^  And  Petreius 
won  his  victory  *  by  no  means  easily ;  indeed,  it  is 
reported  that  all  the  most  energetic^  of  his  soldiers 
either  fell  in  battle  or  received  serious^  wounds. 
After  the  fight  was  over,'  the  body  of  Catiline  was 
found  where  the  strife  had  been  fiercest,^  and  there  is 
a  story  ^  that  Antonius  had  ^°  his  head  cut  off  and  sent 
it  to  the  officials  at  Eome.  It  was  in  the  year  62  ^^  that 
this  battle  took  place,  and  with  it  the  war  ended  ;^ 
for  the  remnants  of  Catiline's  forces  scattered  in 
various  directions,  and  there  was  no  further  armed 
resistance.-^^ 

1  ex.  ^  Use  forms  of  dcriter  and 

2  ingenuus.  certdre  (impersonal). 

3  Omit.  ^  See  Exercise  60,  x.  4. 
*  Lit.     victory  was     won          i''  ciirdre. 

(partus)  by  Petreius.  ^^  Consuls,    D.  Junius  Sila- 

^  Use  qidsque  and   a  form  nus  and  L.  Licinius  Murena. 

oipromptus ;  B.  2o^.  b.  c;  A.  i^  Lit.    this    battle    taking- 

313.  6  ;  G.  318.  2  ;  H.  515.  2.  place    {/actus)   .  .  .  brought 

^  gravis.  (aferre)  an  end  to  the  war. 

'  Use     depugndre     (imper-  ^^  Use    ultra    and    in    acie 

sonal.  dimicdre. 


94  Latin  Comx)Osition  —  Part  II. 


EXERCISE    72. 

Meanwhile  at  Rome,  as  I  have  above  mentioned, 
many  were  charged  Avith  being  implicated^  in  the 
conspiracy,  and  some  of  them  went  into  exile.  But 
there  still  remained  -  in  the  city  a  disorderly  element  ^ 
which  Cicero  regarded^  as  in  sympathy  with  Cati- 
line's plans.  In  his  speeches  subsequently  ^  delivered 
he  oftens  refers  to^  them,  using''  the  same  designa- 
tions^ once  applied  to  Catiline  and  his  allies.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,^  this  very  element  showed  hostility  ^° 
to  Cicero  a  little  later  when  Clodius  came  forward  ^^ 
as  its  leader.  Whether  or  not  ^^  Catiline's  conspiracy 
was  very  dangerous  ^^  is  a  question  ^^  still  undecided  ^^; 
but  Cicero  did  not  hesitate  everywhere  ^^  to  claim  that, 
in^''  suppressing  it,  he  had  saved  the  state. 

1  See  Exercise  66,  n.  9,  and  ^  See  Exercise  50,  n.  1. 
omit  '  implicated.'                               i*^  Lit.    showed     {praebere) 

2  Lit.  was.  itself  hostile. 
^  f actio  turhulenta.  ^^  provenire. 

^  putdre.  12  See  Exercise  37,  n.  3. 

5  posted.  1^  mdgnopere  timendus. 

^  designdre.  i*  Omit. 

■^  If    ablative  absolute     is  i^  sub  iudice. 

used,    a  passive  of    uti   may  ^^  omnibus  locis. 

be  suppli'ed  by  usurpdri.  '^"  See  Exercise  52,  n.  4. 

^  nomen. 


VOCABULARY 


English  words  in  parentheses,  unless  in  heavy  face,  are  added  to 
limit  the  range  of  application  of  the  words  defined. 

The  principal  parts  of  irregular  verbs  and  the  comparison  of 
irregular  adjectives  and  adverbs  may  be  found  in  the  lists  follow- 
ing the  vocabulary. 

Superior  figures  following  Exercise  numbers  (as  Exercise  7"^) 
refer  to  sentence  numbers  in  the  Exercises  of  Part  I. 


abl.,  ablative. 
absoL,  absolute. 
aec,  accusative. 
act.,  active. 
adj.,  adjective. 
adv.,  adverb, 
c,  common  (gender). 
compar.,  comparative. 
conj.,  conjunction. 
dat.,  dative. 
demon.,  demonstrative. 
F.,  feminine. 
gen.,  genitive. 
impers.,  impersonal. 
indecL,  indeclinable. 
infin.,  infinitive. 


inter.,  interrogative. 
M.,  masculine. 
N.,  neuter. 
n.,  noun. 
neut.,  neuter. 
part.,  participle. 
pass.,  passive. 
plu.,  plural. 
prep.,  preposition. 
pro.,  pronoun. 
reflex.,  reflexive. 
rel.,  relative. 
sing.,  singular. 
subj.,  subjunctive. 
superL,  superlative. 
v.,  verb. 


96 


VOCABULARY. 


a,   an,    usually    untranslated; 

rarely,  is,  ea,  id  ;  quidam, 

quaedam,  quoddam. 
a  long  time,  diu. 
a  single,  uiius,  -a,  -um. 
able  (be),  posse. 
abound,     abundare,     copiosus 

(-a,  -um)  esse. 
about,  adv.,  fere. 
about,  j>rei9.,    {-concerning), 

de  idth  abl.  ;  of  time,  circi- 

ter  icith  ace. 
above,  supra, 
absent,  absens,  -entis. 
accept,  accipere,  recipere. 
accomplish,  efficere. 
accordingly,  itaque. 
accusation,  crimen,  -inis,  x. 
accuse,  accusare,  arguere,  reum 

facere. 
acknowledge,  cognSseere. 
acquit,  absolvere. 
act,    w.,   factum,    -i,    n.  ;  of  a 

play,  actus,  -us,  m. 
act,  v.,  agere. 

act  through,  peragere. 


action,  motus,  -us,  m. 
actually,  ultro. 
add,  addere,  adicere. 
address,  contionari  ad  and  ace. ; 

{an  individual),  appellare. 
admire,  admlrarl. 
admit,  intromittere,  admittere ; 

(a  thing  to  be  true),  con- 

fiteri. 
adopt  a  plan,  consilium  inire. 
advance,  progredi. 
advantage,  usus,  -us,  m. 
advice,  consilium,  -I,  n. 
advise,  censere. 
advocate,  suadere. 
Aemilius,  Aemilius,  -i,  m. 
affair,  res,  rel,  f. 
afraid  (be),  vereri,  metuere. 
Africa.  Africa,  -ae,  r. 
Africans,  Afri,  -orum,  m. 
Africanus,  Africanus,  -i,  m. 
after,  conj.,  postquam,  cum. 
after,  prep. ,  post  loith  ace. 
afterward,  postea,  post. 
again,  denuo. 
against,  in  loith  ace. 
against  one  another,  inter  se. 


97 


age 


98 


apparently 


age,  of  ma7i,  aetas,  -atis,  f.  ;  of 
time  in  general^  saeculum, 
-I,  N. 

agree  (to  do  a  thing),  polliceri. 

agreeable,  gratus,  -a,  -um, 

aid,  n.f  auxilium,  -i,  n. 

aid,  v.,  adiuvare,  auxiliari,  suc- 
currere,  opitulari. 

Ajax,  Aiax,  -acis,  m. 

alarmed  for  (be),  timere  de 
and  ahl.,  or  timere  icith 
dat. 

Albinus,  Albinus,  -!,  m. 

alive,  vivus,  -a,  -um. 

all,  omnis,  -e  ;  totus,  -a,  -um. 
all  the  Qimth  compar.)^  tanto. 
all  the  more,  magis. 

Allobroges,  Allobroges,  -um,  m. 

allow,  patl. 
allow  to    turn   state's    evi- 
dence, (alicul)  fidem  piib- 
licam  dare, 
allowed  (be),  licere. 

ally,  socius,  -i,  m. 

along  with,  una  cum  with  abl. 

already,  iam. 

also,  quoque,  porro. 

altar,  altaria,  -ium,  n. 

although,  etsi,  quamquam, 
tametsi,  quamvis,  cum  ; 
with  all  of  these  tamen  rnay 
he  added  in  the  conclnsion. 

altogether,  omnlno. 

always,  semper. 

ambassador,  legatus,  -i,  m. 

ambitious,  gloriae  avidus,  -a, 
-um. 


among,  apud  imth  ace. 
among    (be),    versari    inter 
and  ace. 

ancestors,  maiores,  -um,  m. 

and,  et,  -que,  atque,  porro,  and 
often  untranslated  ;{=how- 
euer),  vero  ;  (  =  moreover), 
autem, 
and  accordingly,  itaque. 
and  never,  neque  umquam. 
and  not  (no),  neque  (nee). 
and  so,  itaque. 

announce,  nuntiare ;  praedicere 
(Exercise  43). 

anonymous,  sine  nomine. 

another,  alter,  -era,  -erum. 

answer,  ?z.,  responsum,  -i,  n. 

answer,  v.,  respondere. 

anticipate,  praesentire. 

Antium,    Antium,  -T,  >-. 

Antonius,  Antonius,  -i,  m. 

anxiety,  sollicitudo,  -inis,  f. 

anxious  (be),  to  do  a  thing, 
cupere. 

anxiously,  cupide. 

any,  adj.,  (si,  ne,  num)  qui, 
qua,  quod  ;  omnis,  -e 
(Exercise  69). 

any,  n. ,  anyone,  (si,  ne,  num) 
quis,  (quid)  ;  in  negative 
clauses,  quisquam,  (quic- 
quam). 

anything,  omnia,  -ium,  n.  (Ex- 
ercise 19^).  , 

anywhere,  (si)  quo. 

Apennines,   Apenninus,  -i,   m. 

apparently,  use  viderL 


appear 


99 


at  the  same  time 


appear,  videri. 
apply  (a  name),  imponere. 
appoint,  constituere. 
appointed,     constittitus,    -a, 
-um. 
approach,  adire  ;  venire  ad  and 

ace. 
approve,  probare. 
Apronius,  Apronlus,  -i,  m, 
Aquinum,  Aqulnum,  -i,  x. 
Archytas,  Archj'tas,  -ae,  m. 
argue,  disputare. 
argument,  argumentum,  -I,  n. 
arise,  surgere. 
arm,  armare. 
armed,  cum  telo. 
armed  man,  armatus,  -I,  m. 
arms,  arm  a,  -orum,  n. 
army,  exercitus,  -us,  m. 
arrange,  constituere  ;  providere 
(Exercise  58). 
arranged  (be),  fieri. 
arrest,  comprehendere. 
arrive,   venire,   pervenire,   ad- 
venire,  adire. 
as,  cum,  dum  ;  ut,  sicut. 
as  a  result  of,  ex  with  ahl. 
as  ...  as    possible,    quam 

with  superl. 
as  great,  tantus,  -a,  -um. 
as  high  as,  of  price.,  tantus  (-a, 
-um)  .  .  .  quantus(-a, -um). 
as  much  as,  tantus  (-a,  -um) 

.  .  .  quantus  (-a,  -um). 
as  much  as  possible,  quan- 
tum with  the  proper  form 
of  posse. 


as  soon  as,  cum  primum. 

as  though,  quasi. 

as  to,  ut  {result). 
Asconius,  Ascdnius,  -i,  m. 
ashamed  (be),  pudere. 
ashes,  favilla,  -ae,  f.;  use  sing. 
Asia,  Asia,  -ae,  f. 
ask,  rogare,  poscere,  quaerere. 
assail,  insectari. 
assemble,  act.,  convocare. 
assemble,  neiit.,  convenire. 
assembly,  concilium,  -i,  n. 
assent,  assentiri. 
assign  to,  dare  and  dat. 
assist,  adiuvare,  auxiliari. 
associated,  coniiinctus,  -a,  -um. 
assure,    confirmare   with    dat. 
{and  infinitive) . 

assured,  exploratus,  -a,  -um. 
at,  in  with  ahl.  ;  lohen  motion 
is  implied,  in  loith  ace. 

at  any  rate,  certe. 

at  any  time,  (num)  quando. 

at  early  dawn,  prima  luce. 

at  first,  primd. 

at  hand  (be),  adesse. 

at   last,    postrerao,  tum   de- 
mum,  iam. 

at  once,  statim. 

at  some  time,  of  the  future, 
aliquando. 

at  that  time,  tum. 

at  the  end  of,  use  exactus, 
-a,  -um. 

at  the  house   of,   ad,   apud 
vnth  ace. 

at  the  same  time,  simul. 


at  the  time 


100 


both  .  .  .  and 


at  the  time  (when),  cum. 

at  this  same  time,  per  idem 
tempus. 

at  this  time,  turn. 

at  times,  nonnumquam. 
Athens,  Athenae,  -arum,  f. 
attack,  n.,  impetus,  -us,  m. 
attack,  v.,  oppugnare. 
attempt,  conafi. 
Atticus,  Atticus,  -I,  m. 
audacity,  audacia,  -ae,  f. 
augur,  augur,  -uris,  m. 
Aurelius,  Aurelius,  -I,  m. 
authority,  auctoritas,  -atis,  r. 
Autronius,  Autronius,  -T,  >i. 
avert,  avertere. 
avoid,  vltare,  evitare. 
away  from  (be),  abesse  ab  and 
abl. 

B 

bad,  malus,  -a  -um  ;  improbus, 
-a,  -um. 

banquet,  convivium,  -i,  n. 

battle,  proelium,  -i,  n.  ;  pugna, 
-ae,  F. 
battle    take    place,    impers. 
pass,  of  pugnare. 

be,  esse,  fieri. 

bear,  ferre,  sustinere. 

because,  quod,  quia,  (non) 
quo  ;  abl.  absol.  may  some- 
times be  used. 

become,  fieri. 
become     current,     percrebe- 
scere. 

bed,  lectulus,  -i,  m. 


before,  adv.,  antea,  ante. 
before,  conj.,  antequam,  prius- 

quam. 
before,  prep.,  ante  tvith  ace. 
beforehand,  antea. 
beg,  orare ;  petere  (ab  and  abl.). 

beg  off,  deprecarl. 
begin,  incipere  ;  i7i  the  perfect 

tenses,  coepisse. 
beginning,  initium,  -i,  n. 
believe,  credere, 
bench,  subsellium,  -I,  n. 
benefit,  bonum,  -I,  n.  ;  fructus, 

-us,  M. 
besiege,  obsidere. 
between,  inter  loith  ace. 
beyond,  trans  ivith  ace. 

beyond  doubt,  manifesto. 
bid,  iubere  (with  infinitive). 
bind,  astringere. 
binding,  firmus,  -a,  -um. 
bitterly,  acriter. 
blacken    character,   mores  in- 

faraes  facere. 
blame,  culpa,  -ae,  f. 
blessing,  bonum,  -i,  n. 
blood,  sanguis,  -inis,  m. 
boast,  gloriari. 
boastful,  gloriosus,  -a,  -um. 
boat,  navis,  -is,  r. 
body,  corpus,  -oris,  n. 
bold,  audax,  -acis. 
book,  liber,  -bri,  m. 
born  (be),  nasci. 
both,  uterque,  utraque,  utrum- 

que. 
both  .  .  .  and,  et  .   .  .  et. 


bra 


brave,  fortis,  -e. 
bravely,  fortiter. 
bravery,  virtus,  -utis,  f. 
break  down,  frangere. 

break  up,    neut.,   pass,     of 
dimittere. 
bribery,  ambitus,  -us,  m. 
bridge,  pons,  pontis,  m. 
brilliancy,  iugeuiuin,  -i,  x. 
bring,  ducere,  afferre  ;  {accusa- 
tion)^  inferre  ;    (informa- 
tion)^ deferre. 
bring  back,  retrahere. 
bring  in  (into),  introducere. 
bring  out,  proferre. 
bring  to  pass,  perficere. 
bring  to   trial,   in  iudicium 

vocare.  reum  facere. 
bring  together,  conferre,  con- 
vocare. 
Brogitarus,  Brogitarus,  -I,   m. 
brother,  frater,  -tris,  m. 
Brundisium,  Brundisium,  -i,  n. 
Brutus,  Brutus,  -i,  m. 
building,  tectum,  -i,  n. 
burden,  onus,  -eris,  n. 
burial,  sepultura,  -ae,  f. 
burn,  incendium  facere. 
burning,  ardens,  -entis. 
business,  res  (rerum)  gerendae. 
but,  sed,  autem,  vero,  tamen, 
at;    atque    (Exercise   65); 
(=  only),  tantum  ;  (=  ex- 
cept), nisi;   in  subordinate 
clauses,   quin ;    sometimes 
untranslated. 
but  that,  quin,  quominus. 


carry  through 


buy,  emere. 
by,  ab  vntli  ahl. 

by  no  means,  haud. 

by  no  means  certain    (be), 
parum  constare. 

by  order  of,  iussu  loith  gen. 


Caecilius,  Caecilios,  -I,  m. 
Caelius,  Caelius,  -i,  m. 
Caeparius,  Caeparias,  -T,  m. 
Caesar,  Caesar,  -aris,  m. 
Calends,  Kalendae,  -arum,  f. 
call,  appellare,  vocare  ;  inscrl- 
bere  {Exercise  39). 

call  attention  to,  monstrare. 

call  together,  cogere. 

call  upon,  ire  ad  and  ace. 
Campus  Martins,  Campus  (-i) 

]\[artius  (-ii). 
can,  posse. 
candidate,  competitor,  -oris,  m. 

candidate  for  (be  a),  petere. 
cannot,  nequire. 
capital,  capitalis,  -e. 
Capitoline  Hill,  Capitolium,  -i,  n. 
care,  cura,  -ae,  f. 
care  for,  subvenire. 
carefully,  diligenter,  accurate, 
carry,  ferre  ;  {news),  deferre. 

carry  out,  peragere,  perficere, 
transigere. 

carry  the  day,  valere. 

carry  things  with  a  high 
hand,  omnia  suo  arbitrio 
facere. 

carry  through,  transigere. 


Carthaginians 


102 


commonwealth 


Carthaginians,  Carthaginienses, 
-ium,  M. ;  Poenl,  -orum,  m. 
case,  causa,  -ae,  f. 
Casilinum,  Casillimm,  -i,  n. 
Cassius,  Cassias,  -i,  m. 
cast  out,  eicere. 
catch,  deprehendere. 
Catiline,  Catillna,  -ae,  Mo 
Cato,  Cato,  -onis,  m, 
Catulus,  Catulus,  -I,  m. 
cause,  causa,  -ae,  f. 
cavalry,  equitatus,  -us,  m. 
cease,  desinere. 

cease  to  think  of,  obllvisc!. 
Celer,  Celer,  -eris,  m. 
centurion,  centurio,  -onis,  m. 
certain,  pro.,  qnldam,  quaedam, 

quoddam. 
certain,  adj.,  certus,  -a,  -um  ; 
baud  dubius,  -a,  -um. 

certain  (be),  constare. 
certainly,  certe.    . 
Cethegus,  Cethegus,  -i,  m. 
chain,  vinculum,  -i,  n. 
change,  mutare. 
character,  mores,  -um,  m. 
charge,  insimulare,  arguere. 
check,  reprimere. 
cherish,  colere,  diligere. 
chief,  maximus,  -a,  -um. 
children,  liberi,  -orum,  m. 
choose,  eligere. 

chosen  as  a  consul  (be),  fieri. 
Cicero,  Cicer5,  -onis,  m. 
circulate,  disseminare. 
circumstance,  res,  rei,  f. 
Cisalpine,  Cisalpinus,  -a,  -um. 


citizen,  civis,  -is,  m. 
city,  urbs,  urbis,  f. 

city  walls,  moenia,  -ium,  y, 
claim,  affirmare,  dicere. 

claim  that .  .  .  not,  negare. 
class,  genus,  -eris,  n. 
clear,  manifestus,  -a,  -um. 

clear  (be),  constare. 
clear  of  (be),  carere. 
clear  one's  self,  se  purgare. 
Cleomenes,  Cleomenes,  -is,  m. 
client,  cliens,  -entis,  31. 
Clodius,  Ciodius,  -i,  m. 
closed,  clausus,  -a,  -um. 
closely,  arte. 

coat  of  mail,  lorTca,  -ae,  f. 
cold,  frigus,  -oris,  n. 
colleague,  collega,  -ae,  m. 
collect,  comparare. 
colony,  colonia,  -ae,  r. 
come,  venire,  pervenire,  adire. 

come  about,  fieri. 

come  back,  revert! ;  active  in 
the  perfect  tenses,  excepting 
the  parto  reversas. 

come  forth,  egredi. 

come  to  pass,  accidere. 

come  to  the  aid  of,  subvenire. 

come  together,  convenire. 
commence,  incipere  ;  in  perfect 

tenses,  coepisse. 
commit,   facere  ;    (=  entrust)^ 
tradere, 

commit  crime,   scelus  in  s6 
admittere. 
commonwealth,  rSs  (rei)  ptib- 
lica. 


compact 


103 


dare 


compact,  societas,  -atis,  f. 
compare,  conferre,  comparare. 
competitor,  competitor,  -oris,  m. 
complain,  queri. 
complete,  perficere. 
Concord,  Concordia,  -ae,  r. 
condemn,    damnare,    condem- 

nare. 
condemned     criminal,     con- 

demnatus,   -i,    m. 
condition,  condicio,  -onis,  f. 
conduct,  perducere,  deducere. 

conduct  one's  self,  se  gerere. 
confer  upon,  tradere  and  dat. 
confess,  confiteri,  fateri. 
confession,  confessio,  -onis,  f. 
confidence,  fides,  -el,  f. 
confirm,  coiifirmare. 
confiscate.  publicare=, 
conjecture,  coniectura,  -ae,  f. 
conquer,  vincere. 
consider,  agere  or  cogitare  de 

and.  ahl.  ;  quaerere. 
consideration,        argumentum, 

-1,   N. 

conspiracy,  coniiiratio,  -onis,  f. 
conspirator,  coniuratus,  -I,  m. 
constancy,  constantia,  -ae,  f. 
consul,  consul,  -ulis,  m. 

consul   elect,    consul   (-ulis) 
design  atus. 
consulship,  consulatus,  -us,  Mo 
content,  contentus,  -a,  -um. 
contention,  contentio,  -onis,  f. 
contest,  certamen,  -inis,  n. 
control,  moderari. 
convene,  act.,  convocare,  cogere. 


convene,  neut.^  convenire^ 
conversation,  colloquium,  -i,  n  : 

sermo,  -onis,  m. 
convict,  damnare. 
copy,  describere. 
Coriolanus,  Coriolanus,  -I,  m. 
correction,  correctio,  -onis,  f. 
Cotta,  Cotta,  -ae,  m. 
couch,  lectus,  -i,  m. 
counsel,  consilium,  -i,  n. 
count,  {=  regard  as),   putare, 

ducere. 
country,  patria,  -ae,  f.  ;  as  con- 
trasted with  the  city,  rtis, 

riiris,  n. 
countryman,  civis,  -is,  m. 
courage,  animus,  -i,  m.  ;  virtus, 

-litis,  F. 
court,  indicium,  -i,  n. 
covered,  opertus,  -a,  -um, 
Crassus,  Crassus,  -i,  m. 
crazy,  amens,  -entis. 
crime,  scelus,  -eris,  n.  ;  facinus, 

-inoris,  n.  ;  flagitium,  -i,  n. 
cross,  trausire. 
cruel,  crudelis,  -e= 
cruelty,  crudelitas,  -atis,  f. 
crush,  opprimere. 
cry  out,  clamare. 
cupidity,  cupiditas,  -atis,  f. 
Curius,  Curius,  -T,  m." 
cut  off,  intercipere  ;    abscidere 

{Exercise  71). 

D 

danger,  periculum,  -i,  n. 
dare,  audere. 


day 


104 


discriminating 


day,  dies,  -el,  m.  and  f.  ;  pZ?(.,  m. 

day  break,  dilucescere. 
dead,  mortuus,  -a,  -um  ;  (ashes), 

extinctus,  -a,  -um. 
death,  mors,  mortis,  f, 
debt,  aes  (aeris)  alienum. 
decide,    statuere,    constituere ; 

with  injin. 
Decimus,  Decimus,  -T,  m. 
declare,    affirmare,    declarare, 

dicere,  respondere  ;  {to  he 

something),  iddicare. 
declared  consul  (be),  consul 

(-ulis,  M.)  renuntiarl. 
decline,  nolle. 
decree,    n.,   consultum,   -i,  n.  ; 

decretum,  -i,  n. 
decree,  v.,  decernere. 
deed,  facinus,  -inoris,  n. 
deeply  in  debt,  aere  alieno  op- 

pressus,  -a,  -um. 
defeat,    at   the  polls,   repulsa, 

-ae,   F, 
defence,  defensio,  -onis,  f. 
defend,  defenders,  tuerl. 
defendant,  reus,  -i,  m. 
dejected,  animo  demisso  (esse), 
delay,  mora,  -ae,  f. 
delight,  gaudere,  delectari. 
deliver   speech,  orationem  ha- 
bere. 
demand,  postulare,  poscere. 
denarius,  denarius,  -i,  m. 
deny,  negare. 
depart,  abire. 
departure,    discessus,   -us,  m.  ; 

profectio,  -onis,  f. 


deprive,  spoliare. 

deprived  (be),  carere. 
desert,  deserere,  derelinquere. 
deserted,  desertus,  -a,  -um. 
deserve,  dignus  (-a,  -um)  esse, 
design,    n.,  consilium,    -I,   n.  ; 

inceptum,  -i,  n. 
design,     v.,    constituere    with 

injin, 
desire,  w.,  cupiditas,  -atis,  f. 
desire,  v.,  velle,  desiderare. 
desirous,  cupidus,  -a,  -um. 
despite  the  fact  that,  quam- 

quam. 
destroy,  delere. 
deter,  deterrere. 
devised,  machinatus,  -a,  -um. 
devoted,  amans,  -antis. 
die,    mori,    emori ;    pass,    of 

occidere. 
difference  (be  the),  interesse. 
difdculty,  molestia,  -ae,  f. 
dignity,  dignitas,  -atis,  f. 
Dionysius,  Dionysius,  -I,  m. 
direct,  adj.,  of  evidence,  certus, 

-a,  -um. 
direct,  v.,  iubere  {with  injin.'). 
direction,  pars,  partis,  f. 
disappointed  in  (a)  hope,  spe 

lapsus,  -a,  -um. 
disclose,  patefacere,  aperire. 
discouraged,    animo   demissus, 

-a,  -um. 
discover,  detegere. 
discovered  (be), pass,  o/pate- 

facere. 
discriminating,  severus,  -a,  -um. 


disdain 


105 


enthusiasm 


disdain,  contemnere. 
disgust,  pigere,  taedere. 
dishonesty,  fallacia,  -ae,  f. 
dismiss,  dliiiittere. 
dispell,  depellere. 
disposition,  animus,  -i,  m, 
disregard  {pledge),  violare. 
dissatisfied  (be),  paenitere. 
distress,  incommodum,  -i,  x. 
distribute,  dividere. 
disturb,  turbare. 
disturbance,  tumultus,  -us,  m. 
divide,  dividere. 
divine,  divinus,  -a,  -um. 
divulge,  patefacere. 
do,  agere,  facere  {pass.,  fieri), 

gerere. 
do  no  wrong,  innocens  (-en- 

tis)  esse. 
do  wrong,  peccare. 
doors,  fores,  -um,  f. 
doubt,  dubitare. 
doubtful,  dubius,  -a,  -um. 
downcast    (be),  animo  se   de- 

mittere. 
dreadful,  taeter,  -tra,  -trum. 
dream,  somnus  (-i,  m.),  in  the 

phrase  in  somnis. 
drink,  potio,  -onis,  f. 
drive,  impellere. 
drive  from,  expellere  ex  and 

ahl. 
drive  out,  deturbare. 
duty,  ofBcium,  -i,  x. 

£ 

each,  quisque,  quaeque,quidque. 


eager,  avidus,  -a,  -um. 

earlier,  adj.,  superior,  -ius. 

earlier,  adv.,  ante. 

early,  adj.,  priscus,  -a,  -um. 

early,  adv.,  matiire. 

earth,  orbis  (-is,  m.)  terrarum. 

easily,  facile. 

easy,  facilis,  -e. 

eight,  octo,  indecl. 

eighth,  octavus,  -a,  -um. 

either,    pro.,   utervis,   utravis, 
utrumvis. 

either  ...  or,  aut  .  .  .  aut. 

elect,  designatus,  -a,  -um. 
elected  (be),  fieri. 

election,  comitia,  -orum,  n. 

element,  factio,  -onis,  f. 

eminent,  praestans,  -antis. 

enact  punishment,  poenas  sta- 
tue re. 

encamp,  castra  ponere,  facere. 

encourage,  conflrmare. 

end,     finis,     -is,     31.  ;    tempus 
(-oris)  extremum. 

endowed,  praeditus,  -a,  -um. 

endure,  act.,  ferre,  perferre. 

endure,  neut.,  permanere. 

enemy,  inimicus,  -i,  m.  ;  hostis, 
-is,  M. 

engaged^  occupatus,  -a,  -um. 

enjoin  upon,  imperare  and  dat 
{vnth  ut  and  subj.). 

enjoy,  frui,  perfrui. 

enough,  satis. 

enslaved  (be),  servire. 

enter,  intrare. 

enthusiasm,  studium,  -i,  n. 


entrance 


106 


far  different 


entrance  (to),  aditus,  -us,  m. 

entreaties,  pieces,  -um,  r. 

entrust,  dare. 

envy,  n.,  invidia,  -ae,  f. 

envy,  v.,  invidere. 

Epirus,  Epirus,  -i,  r. 

equal,  par,  paris. 

error,  error,  -oris,  m. 

escape,  effugere,  evadere. 

esteem,  diligere. 

eternal,  aeternus,  -a,  -um. 

Etruria,  Etruria,  -ae,  f. 

even,    adv.,   etiam,    vel,    quln 
etiam ;    in    negative    sen- 
tences, lie  .  .  .  quiderii. 
even  .  .  .  not,  ne  .  .  .  qui- 
dem. 

even,  conj.,  etiam  si. 
even  though,  etsi,  quamvis, 
etiam  si. 

evening,  vesper,  -eris  and  -eri, 

M. 

ever,  umquam. 

every,     omnis,     -e ;     quisque, 
quaeque,    quodque. 

every  one,  quisque,  (quaeque, 
quidque). 
everjrthing,  omnia,  -ium,  n. 
evidence,  indicium,  -I,  n. 
evil,  adj.,  of  reports,  famosus, 

-a,  -um, 
evil,  n.,  malum,  -i,  n. 
exalt  over,  anteponere. 
example,  exemplum,  -I,  n. 
except,  excipere. 

except  that,  nisi  ut. 

excepted  (be),pass.o/tollere. 


excepting,  exceptus,  -a,  -um 

(in  abl.  ahsol.). 
excuse,  causa,  -ae,  p. 
execute,    interficere,    occidere, 

ad  mortem  tradere,  raorte 

multare. 
exercise,  exercitatio,  -onis,  f, 
exile,  n.,  exilium,  -i,  n. 
exile,  V. ,  in  exilium  pellere. 
expect,  expectare,  sperare. 
expense,  sumptus,  -us,  3i. 
explain,  probare. 
extortion,  res  (rerum)  repetun- 

dae. 
extreme,  ultimus,  -a,  -um. 
eye,  oculus,  -i,  m. 


Fabius,  Fabius,  -I,  m. 

fact,  res,  rei,  f. 

Faesulae,  Faesulae,  -arum,  f. 

fail,  act.,  deesse. 

fail,  neut.,  deficere. 

fall,  cadere,  coucidere ;   pass. 

of  opprimere. 
fall  to,  contingere. 
fall  upon,  pass,    of  inicere 

and  dat. 
false,  falsus,  -a,  -um. 
falsely,  falso. 
fame,    fama,   -ae,    f.  ;    gloria, 

-ae,  F. 
family,  gens,  gentis,  f. 
fancy,  existimare. 
far,  longe. 

far    different    (be),    res    se 

longe   aliter  habere. 


fasten  up 


107 


fourth 


fasten  up,  defigere. 
father,  pater,  -tris,  m. 
fatherland,  patria,  -ae,  f, 
fault,  culpa,  -ae,  f.  ;  delictum, 

-I,  X. 
favor,  gratia,  -ae,  f. 
fear,  n.,  metus,  -us,  m. 
fear,  r.,  vereri,  timere.  metuere. 
feast,  epulae,  -arum.  f. 
feel,  (sibi)  videri ;  reri,  putare. 
fellow,  homo,  -inis,  m. 
few  (a),  pauci,  -ae,  -a. 
field,  ager,  -gri,  m. 
fiercely,  acriter. 
fifth,  of  certain  months,  Nonas, 

-arum,  f. 
fight,    certare;    ptignare    (cum 

and  ahl.). 
Figulus,  Figulus,  -i,  m. 
filial  respect,  pietas,  -atis,  f. 
finally,  postremo. 
find,  invenire,  reperire,  anqui- 

rere ;    (=  learn),    sentire, 

certior    (-oris)    lieri. 
find  out,  invenire. 
finish,  perficere. 
finished,  of  a  speech,  habitus, 

-a,  -um. 
fire,  incendium,  -i,  x. 
first,    adj.,  primus,    -a,    -um  ; 

(of  the  month),  Kalendae, 

-arum,  f. 
first,  adv.,  primum,  prius. 
five,  quinque. 
fix  value,  aestimare. 
Flaccus,  Flaccus,  -i,  m. 
flame,  ignis,  -is,  m. 


flee,  fugere,  perfugere. 

fleet,  classis,  -is,  f. 

flow,  fluere. 

follow,  persequi,  prosequi. 

following,    posterns,    -a,  -um; 

proximus,  -a,  -um. 
food,  cibus,  -i,  m. 
foolish,  stultus,  -a,  -um. 
foolishness,  stultitia,  -ae,  f. 
foot,  of  a  7nountain,Tadix,  -icis, 

F.  {usually  in  plu.). 
for,  conj.,  enim.  nam. 
for,  prep.,  ad,  in,  ob  v:ith  ace. ; 

pro  with  abl. 
for  the  purpose    (sake)   of, 

gratia,  causa. 
for  the  time  being,  in  prae- 

sentia. 
for  this  very  reason,  ob  id 

ipsum. 
force,  71.,   (abstract),  vis,  gen. 

rare,  f.;  (concrete),  manus, 

-lis,  F.,  copiae,  -arum,  f. 
forces,  copiae,  -arum,  f. 
force,  v..  cogere, 
foreign,  externus,  -a,  -um. 
forget,  oblivisci. 
forgive,  ignoscere. 
former,  vetus,  -eris  ;  pristinus, 

-a,  -um. 
fortification,  miinitio,  -onis,  f. 
fortune,  fortiina,  -ae,  f. 
forum,  forum,  -i,  n. 
four,  quattuor. 
four   hundred,  quadringenti, 

-ae,  -a. 
fourth,  quartus,  -a,  -um. 


fragment 


108 


goddess 


fragment,  vestigium,  -i,  n. 

free,  liberare. 

free  from,  expers,  -ertis. 
free   from   (be),   carere,  va- 
care. 

freedman,  libertus,  -I,  m. 

freely,  libere. 

friend,  amicus,  -i,  m.  ;  familia- 
ris,  -is,  M.  ;  socius,  -i,  m, 

friendly,  amicus,  -a,  -um. 

friendship,  amicitia,  -ae,  f. 

from,    ab,    de,    ex    with    abl. ; 
(ivith  verbals  in  -ing),  quo- 
minus,  quin. 
from  what  quarter,  unde. 

fruit,  fructus,  -us,  m. 

fulfil  promise,  promissum  ab- 
solvere. 

full,  plenus,  -a,  -um. 

Fulvia,  Fulvia,  -ae,  f. 

furnish,  praebere, 

further,  porro. 

6 

Gabinius,  Gablnius,  -i,  m. 

gain,  n.,  quaestus,  -us,  m. 

gain,  v.,  adipisci ;  (favor),  sibi 
conciliare. 
gain   office,   honorem  perse- 

qui. 
gain    wealth,    dives    (-itis) 
fieri. 

Gaius,    Caius,    -i,    m.  ;    abbre- 
viated C. 

Galba,  Galba,  -ae,  m. 

garden,  hortus,  -I,  m. 

garments,  vestis,  -is,  r. 


gate,  porta,  -ae,  f. 

gather,   act.,  cogere  ;    (armij), 

comparare. 
gather,  ne^lt.,  convenire  ;  pass. 

0/ cogere  or  comparare. 
Gaul,  Gallia,  -ae,  f. 
Gaul  (a),  Gallus,  -i,  m. 
Gauls,  Galli,  -orum,  m. 
general,  imperator,  -oris,  m. 
gentlemen  of  the  jury,  iudices, 

-um,  M. 
get,  petere. 

get  possession  of,  potiri. 
give,  dare, 
give  advice,  praecipere. 
give  excuse,  causam  afferre. 
give  information,  indicia  de- 

ferre  (ad  and  ace). 
give  it  out  (that),  simulare. 
give  over  to,  permittere  and 

dat. 
give  up,  act.,  omittere. 
give  up,  neut.,  desistere. 
gladly,  libens,  -entis. 
glorious,  praeclarus,  -a,  -um. 
glory,  gloria,  -ae,  f. 
Gnaeus,  Cnaeus,  -I,  31.  ;  abbre- 
viated Cn. 
go,  ire,  proficisci,  se  conferre, 
pervenire,  progredi,  venire ; 
(ovt),  egredi. 
go  away,  ablre. 
go  down,  descendere. 
go   out,  pass,   of  extinguere 
(Exercise  9'^). 
god,  deus,  -i,  m. 
goddess,  dea,  -ae,  f. 


good 


109 


have 


good,  bonus,  -a,  -um  ;  (omen), 

secundus,  -a,  -um. 
good     deed,     bene     factum, 

-I.  y. 
good  friend,  sodalis,  -is,  m. 
good  name,  fama,  -ae,  f. 
good    speaker    (be),    magna 

facundia  esse. 
goods,  bona,  -orum,  x. 
Gracchus.  Gracclius,  -i,  m. 
grain,  frumentum,  -i,  n. 
grant,         larglri,         tribuere ; 

(honor),  habere, 
grateful,  gratus,  -a,  -um. 
great,  magnus,  -a,  -um  ;  singu- 

laris,     -e ;     maximus,     -a, 

-um. 
greater,  superior,  -ius ;    maxi- 

mus.-a,  -um  (Exercise  39) ; 

of  value,  plus,  pluris. 
greatness,  magnitudo,  -inis,  f. 
Greece,  Graecia,  -ae,  f. 
Greek.  Graecus,  -a,  -um. 

Greeks,  Graecl,  -orum,  m. 
greet,  salutare. 
grieve,  dolere,  maerere. 
groan,  gemitus,  -us,  m. 
groundless,     of    hope,    vanus, 

-a,  -um. 
guard,    n.,    ctistos,   -odis,    m.  ; 

(collective),         custodiae, 

-arum,-  f. 
guards,  custodiae,  -arum,  f. 
guard,    v.,    custodire,    conser- 

vare. 
guilt,  scelus,  -eris,  n. 
guilty,  sons,  sontis. 


had  not,  nisi. 
hand  to  hand,  coraminus. 
Hannibal,  Hannibal,  -alls,  m. 
happen,  fieri,  accidere,  evenire  ; 

or  use  forte. 
happening,    eventus,   -us,    m.  ; 

res.  rei,  f. 
happiness,  felicitas,  -atis,  f. 
happy,  beatus,  -a,  -um  ;  laetus, 

-a,  -um. 
hard,  difficilis,  -e  ;  molestus,  -a, 
-um ;    miser,    -era,    -erum 
(Exercise  32^). 
hardly,  vix. 
harm,  laedere. 
haste,  celeritas,  -atis,  f. 
hasten,  advolare,  or  use  celeri- 
ter;  (to  do  a  thing)  ^  con- 
tendere vnth  infin. 
hatred,  odium,  -i,  n. 
have,    habere,    accipere ;   con- 
sequi    (Exercise   4^)  ',  I^^- 
trod.  11. 
have    a    hand    in.    adiutor 
(-oris,  M.)  esse  and  gen. 
have    business    with,    agere 

cum  and  abl. 
have  confidence,  confidere. 
have  doubt,  dubitare. 
have  force,  valere. 
have  (great)  influence,  (mul- 

tum)  valere. 
have     killed,     iugulari     co- 

gere. 
have  little  sympathy  with, 
minime  favere. 


he 


110 


if  only 


he,  hie,  (haec,  hoc)  ;  is,  (ea, 
id)  ;  ille,  (-a,  -ud)  ;  iste, 
(-a,  -ud)  ;  often  untrans- 
lated ;  at  the  beginning 
of  a  sentence,  qui,  (quae, 
quod)  ;  7-eflex.,  sui,  sibi. 

head,  caput,  -itis,  n. 

health,  valetiido,  -inis,  f. 

hear  (of),  audire. 

heavy,  gravis,  -e. 

heed,  audire. 

help,  adiuvare,  iuvare,  subve- 
nire. 

helpful,  saliitaris,  -e. 

here,  ibi. 

hesitate,  dubitare. 

hidden,  reconditus,  -a,  -um. 

high,  of  price,  magnus,  -a,  -um. 
high  priest,  pontifex  (-icis) 

maximus. 
high  standing,  dignitas,  -atis, 
p. 

himself,  (intensive'),  ipse,  (-a, 
-um);   (reflex.),  sui,  sibi. 

hinder,  impedire. 

his,  eius,  illlus,  istius ;  sor)ie- 
tinies  untranslated;  at 
beginning  of  a  sentence, 
ciiius;  (reflex.),  suus,  -a, 
-um,  and  often  untrans- 
lated. 
his  own,  ipsius  (Exercise  60). 

hitherto,  adhuc. 

hold,  tenere. 
hold       consulship,       consul 

(-ulis)  esse. 
hold  election,  comitia  habere. 


hold  sentiment  (view),  sen- 
tire. 

home,  domus,  -tis,  (locative,  -i), 
r. 

honey,  mel,  mellis,  n. 

honor,  honor,  -oris,  m. 

honorable,  houoratus,  -a,  -um. 

hope,  spes,  -ei,  f. 

hope  (for),  sperare. 

horse,  equus,  -i,  m. 

horseman,  eques,  -itis,  m. 

Hortensius,  Hortensius,  -i,  m. 

hostile,  inimicus,  -a,  -um. 

house,  aedes,  -ium,  f.  ;  domus, 
-lis,  p. 

how,  quo  mods,  quem  ad  mo- 
dum,  quonam  pacto ;  with 
adjectives,  quam. 
how  great,  quantus,  -a,  -um. 
how  greatly,  quanto  opeie. 

however,  autem,  tamen,  vero, 
nihilominus. 

howsoever,  utcumque. 

human,  humanus,  -a,  -um. 

hundredth,  centesimus,  -a,  -um. 

hunger,  fames,  -is,  f. 

Hybrida,  Hybrida,  -ae,  m. 


I,  ego,  mei;  usually   untrans- 
lated. 
Ides,  Idus,  -uum,  f.- 
if,  si. 

if  agreeable,  si  placet. 

if  anything,  si  quid. 

if  .  .  .  not,  nisi,  si  .  .  .  non. 

if  only,  dummodo,  modo. 


ill-will 


111 


integrity 


ill-will,  invidia,  -ae,  f. 
imitate,  imitari. 
immediately,  sine  mora,  statim. 
immoderate,  immoderatus,  -a, 

-urn. 
immortal,  immortalis,  -e. 
immortality,         immortalitas, 

-atis,  F. 
impend,  impendere. 
implicated  in  (be),  esse  in  and 

ahl. ;  esse  particeps  (-cipis) 

and  gen. 
important,  magnus,  -a,  -um. 
imprudence,  imprudentia,  -ae, 

F. 

in,  in  idth  ahl.  and  ace. 

in  any  way,  (si)  quid. 

in  behalf  of,  pro  loith  ahl. 

in  case  .  .  .  not,  nisi. 

in  debt  (be),  debere. 

in  exchange  for,  pro  with  ahl. 

in   fact,    quin   etiam,    immo 
vero. 

in  front,  of  wounds,  adver- 
sus,  -a,  -um. 

in  no  wise,  niillo  modo. 

in  order  that  no  one,  ne  quis, 
(quid). 

in  order  that  not.  ne. 

in  order  to,  eo  consilio  .  .  . 
ut ;  when  there  is  a  com- 
parative   in    the    purpose 
clause,  quo. 
in  person,  ipse,  -a,  -um. 
in  private  life,  privatus,  -a, 

-um. 
in  such  a  way,  ita. 


in  sympathy  with  (be),  fa- 

vere . 
in  the  morning,  mane, 
in  the  same  place,  ibidem, 
in  this  way,  ita. 
in  vain,  frustra. 
increase,  act.,  augere. 
increase,  neut,  crescere. 
incur,  subire. 
indeed,  quin  etiam. 
individual,  singuli,  -ae,  -a. 
individually,  use  singuli,  -ae,  -a. 
induce,  persuadere. 
infantry,  pedites,  -um,  m. 
infinite,  Infinitus,  -a.  -um. 
inflict,  afficere  {with  ace.  of  the 
person     and    ahl.    of   the 
thing);  {punishment),  su- 
mere. 
influence,  auctoritas,  -atis,  f.  ; 

gratia,  -ae,  f. 
influential,  summus,  -a,  -um. 
inform,  narrare  and  dat.  ;  cer- 

tiorem  facere. 
information,  indicium,  -i,  x. 
injure,  nocere,  laedere. 
injury,  iniuria,  -ae,  f. 
injustice,  inlquitas,  -atis,  f. 
innocence,  innocentia,  -ae,  f. 
innocent,  innocens,  -entis ;  in- 

sons,  -ontis. 
inquire,  quaerere. 
insignia,  insignia,  -ium,  n. 
inspire,  incitare. 
instigate,  persuadere. 
insult,  contumelia,  -ae,  f. 
integrity,  tides,  -ei,  f. 


intellect 


112 


lead  forth 


intellect,  ingenium,  -i,  n. 

intercept,  intercipere. 

interest  involved  (be),  inter- 
esse. 

intervene,  interesse. 

interview,  conveiilre. 

into,  in  with  arc. 
into  the  neighborhood  of,  ad 
loith  ace. 

investigation,  quaestio,  -onis,  f. 

it,  is,  ea,  id ;  hie,  haec,  hoc ;  llle, 
-a,    -ud  ;    often    untrans- 
lated;  at  the  beginning  of 
a  sentence,  qui,  quae,  quod. 
it  is  true,  sane. 

Italy,  Italia,  -ae,  f. 

itself,  ipse,  -a,  -um  ;   (reflex.), 
sui,  sibi. 

J 

join     (with),     se    coniungere 

cum  and  ahl, 
joy,  gaudium,  -i,  n. 
joyful,  laetus,  -a,  -um. 
judge,  iiidicare,  conicere. 

judge  guilty,  condemnare. 
Julius,  Iiilius,  -i,  M. 
Junius,  lunius,  -i,  m.. 
Jupiter,  luppiter,  lovis,  m. 
jury,  itidices,  -um,  m. 
just,  adj..,  iustus,  -a,  -um. 
just,  adv.,  mode. 

just  as  though,  quasi. 

K 
Kalends,  Kalendae,  -arum,  r. 
keep,  retinere,  obtinere. 
keep  guard,  custodire. 


kept  informed  (be),  certior 

(-oris)  fieri. 
kill,  interticere,  necare,  seciiri 

ferire,  trucidare  ;    caedem 

facere. 
kindness,  benevolentia,  -ae,  f. 
king,  rex,  regis,  m. 
knight,  eques,  -itis,  m. 
know,  scire,  sentire. 

known,  notus,  -a,  -um. 
knowledge,  scientia,  -ae,  f. 


lacking  (be),  deesse. 
Laeca,  Laeca,  -ae,  m. 
Laelius,  Laelius,  -i,  m. 
lame,     pedibus     aeger,    -gra, 

-grum. 
lamentation,  lamentum,  -i,  n.  ; 

use  plu. 
lamp,  lumen,  -inis,  n. 
lands,  agri,  -orum,  m. 
last,  proximus,  -a,  -um. 
late,  sero. 
later,  postea,  post. 
latter  (the),  ille,  -a,  -ud  ;   hie, 

haec,  hoe  ;  is,  ea,  id. 
law,  lex,  legis,  f. 
lawfully,  iure, 
lawsuit,  indicium,  -i,  n. 
lay  aside,  deponere, 
lay  down    (office),  se  abdi- 

care  aiid  ahl. 
lead,    manii    tenere    (Exercise 

56). 
lead  forth  (a  colony),  dedu- 

cere. 


lead  on 


113 


make 


lead  on,  inducere. 
lead  up,  producers. 
leader,  dux,  ducis,  c. 
learn,  discere,  cognoscere,  cer- 
tior    (-oris)    fieri,    compe- 
rire,  audire. 
learn  of,  cognoscere. 
learned,  doctus,  -a,  -urn. 
leave,  egredi,  exire,  excedere, 
all  icith  ex  and  ahl.  ;  ablrc 
ab  and  ahl. 
leave  empty,  vacuefacere. 
legion,  legid,  -onis,  f. 
Lentulus,  Lentulus,  -i,  m. 
Lepidus,  Lepidus,  -i,  m. 
less,  adj.,  minor, -us. 
less,  adv.,  minus. 
let  down,  demittere.    ' 
letter,  litterae,  -arum,  f. 
liberal  {reward),  maximus,  -a, 

-um. 
liberator,  liberator,  -oris,  m. 
Licinius.  Licinius,  -i,  m. 
lie,  mentiri. 
lie  in  wait,  insidias  facere. 

lie  open,  patere. 
life,  vita,  -ae,  f.   (sing,  trans- 
lates English  pin.);  aetas, 
-litis,  F. 
light,  adj.,  levis,  -e. 
light,  n.,  lux,  lucis,  f. 
like,    adj.,  similis,   -e ;    idem 

eadem,  idem. 
like,  v.,  velle. 

likely  (be),  veri  simile  esse, 
likeness,  similitudo,  -inis,  f. 
lineage,  genus,  -eris,  n. 


linger,  morari. 
literature,  litterae,  -arum,  f. 
little,  parvus,  -a,  -um. 
little  later  (a),  paulo  post, 
live,  vivere ;  {=  dwell),  habitare. 

live  in,  incolere. 
lives,  vita,  -ae,  f.  ;  use  in  sing. 
load,  onus,  -eris,  n. 
long,  dill. 

longing,  desiderium,  -i,  x. 
look  into  (a  matter),  cogitare 
de  and  ahl. 

lose,  amittere,  perdere. 

lost  (be),  pass,  of  desiderare. 

loss  of  sleep,  vigiliae,  -arum,  f. 

lot,  sors,  sortis,  f. 

love,  n.,  amor,  -oris,  m. 

love,  v.,  colere,  diligere. 

low,  inferus,  -a,  -um  ;  of  value, 
parvus,  -a,  -um. 

lower  in  rank,  inferior,  -ius. 

loyal,  amans,  -antis. 

Lucius,  Lucius,  -i,  m.  ;  abbre- 
viated L. 

lust,  libido,  -inis,  f. 

M 

Macedonia,  Macedonia,  -ae,  f. 
magistrate,  magistratus,  -us,  m. 
maintain  innocence  {of),  inno- 

centiam  defendere. 
make,    facere    {pass.,    fieri)  ; 

efficere  {Exercise  56). 
make  answer  to,  vocem  mit- 

tere  contra  and  ace. 
make  armed  demonstration, 

arma  sumere. 


make  attack 


114 


more 


make  attack,  impetum  facere. 
make     compact,    societatem 

confirmare. 
make    demonstration,   arma 

sumere. 
make  investigation,  investl- 

gare. 
make  mistakes,  peccare. 
make    plan,  statuere    (and 

infill.). 
make  use  of,  uti. 
man,     vir,    viri,    m.  ;     homo, 
-inis,    c. ;    often    untrans- 
lated. 
man  (the),  ille,  (-a,  -ud)  ;  is, 
(ea,  id). 
Manius,  Manius,  -I,  m.  ;  abbre- 
viated M'. 
Manlius,  Manlius,  -i,  m. 
manner,  genus,  -eris,  n. 
many,  multi,  -ae,  -a. 
Marcellus,  Marcellus,  -i,  m. 
Marcius,  Marcius,  -I,  m. 
Marcus,  Marcus,  -i,  m. 
Marseilles,  Massilia,  -ae,  r. 
marvelously   well,    mirum   in 

modum. 
matter,  res,  rel,  r.  ;  causa,  -ae, 

F. ;  often  untranslated. 
may,  might,  posse. 
mean,  significare  ;  velle  {Exer- 
cise 63) . 
meanwhile,  interim, 
meet,    convenire ;    se    obviam 
ferre  ;   congredi  cum  and 
abl. ;   (=  assemble),  pass, 
of  cogere. 


meet  with,  convenire. 
meeting,     concilium,     -i,     n.  ; 

conventus,  -iis,  m. 
memory,  memoria,  -ae,  r. 
mention,    commemorare,    me- 

morare ;    dicere  ivith  ace. 

or  loith  de  and  abl. ;  men- 

tionem  facere  with  gen. 
merit,  meritum,  -i,  n. 
messenger,  nuntius,  -i,  m. 
Metellus,  Metellus,  -i,  m. 
might,  may,  posse. 
mild,  mitis,  -e. 
mildness,  mollitia,  -ae,  r. 
mile,    mllle    (indecl.)    passtis, 

-uum,     M.  ;     j3Z?i.,      milia 

(-ium,  N.)  passuum. 
mind,    animus,  -i,   m.  ;    mens, 

mentis,  f. 
mine,  meus,  -a,  -urn. 
misdeed,  facinus,  -inoris,  n. 
misery,  miseriae,  -arum,  r. 
missing  (be),  abesse. 
mistress,  arnica,  -ae,  f. 
mix,  miscere. 

moderate,  modicus,  -a,  -um. 
moderation,  moderatio,-onis,  f. 
modius,   modius,   -i,    31.    (gen. 

plu..,  medium). 
molest,  molestus  (-a,  -um)  esse 

and  dat. 
moment,  momentum,  -i,  n. 
money,  peciinia,  -ae,  r. 
month,  mensis,  -is,  m. 
more,  adj..,  plures,  -a. 
more,  adv..,  plus. 
more  than,  magis  quam. 


moreover 


115 


not 


moreover,  quoque. 

mortal,  mortalis,  -e  ;  also  used 
as  noun. 

most,  maxime  ;  superlative  de- 
gree. 
most    important,   maximus, 

-a,  -uni. 
most  of  all,  tinice. 
most  pleasing,  pergratus,  -a, 
-um. 

motion^  motus,  -us,  m. 

mountain,  moiis,  mentis,  m. 

mourn,  deplorare. 

move,  movere. 

much,  adj..,  miiltus,  -a,  -um. 

much,  adv..,  multum,  multa ; 
with  comparative.,  multo. 

Mucianus,  ^Nlucianus,  -i,  3i. 

multitude,  multitude,  -inis,  f. 

Mulvian.  Mulvius,  -a,  -um. 

municipality,  municipium,  -i,  n. 

murder,  n.,  caedes,  -is,  f. 

murder,  r.,  interficere,  necare  ; 
caedem  facere  (Exercises 
50  and  57). 

murderer,  parricida,  -ae,  c. 

Murena,  Murena,  -ae,  m. 

must,  gerundive  construction. 

Mutina,  Mutina,  -ae,  f. 

my,  meus,  -a,  -um ;  ofteii  un- 
translated. 

N 
Naevius,  Naevius,  -I,  m. 
name,  nomen,  -inis,  n. 
Naples,  Xeapolis,  -is,  f. 
nation,  gens,  gentis,  f. 


natural      endowment,       inge- 

nium,  -I,  X. 
nature,  natura,  -ae,  f. 
near,  ad  icith  ace. 

near  (be),  prope  abesse. 
nearest,  proximus,  -a,  -um. 
nearly,  paene. 
necessary,  necesse. 
need,  gerundive  construction. 

need  (of,  be),  opus  esse, 
negligent,  neglegens,  -entis. 
neither,  neuter,  -tra,  -trum. 
neither  .  .   .  nor,     neque  .  .  . 

neque. 
Nero,  Nero,  -onis,  m. 
Nestor,  Nestor,  oris,  m. 
never,  numquam. 
never  .  .  .  any,  nemo,  (ntil- 

lius),  c.  {Exercise  59). 
nevertheless,  tamen. 
new,  novus,  -a,  -um. 
news,  res,  rei,  f.  ;  niintius,  -i,  m. 
next,  adj. ,  posterus,  -a,  -um. 
next,  adv..,  deinde. 
night,  nox,  noctis,  f. 
ninety,  nonaginta,  indecl. 
no,  nullus,  -a,  -um  ;  non  ;  nihil, 

indecl. 
no  longer,  non  diutius. 
no  one,  nemo,  (nulllus),  c. 
nobles,    optimates,    -um     and 

-ium,  M. 
none,  nemo,  (nullius),  c. ;  nulli, 

-ae,  -a. 
Nones,  Nonae,  -arum,  f. 
not,    non ;    in    hortatory    seyi' 

tences,  ne. 


not  any 


116 


on  a  level 


not  any,  nullus,  -a,  -urn. 
not  at  all,  nullo  modo. 
not  care,  nolle. 
not  .  .  .  enough,  parum. 
not  even,  ne  .  .  .  quidem. 
not  faithfully,  f also. 
not  know,  ignorare,  nesclre. 
not     merely  .  .  .  but     also 
(even),    non    solum  .   .   . 
sed  etiam. 
not  only  .  .  .  but  (also),  non 
solum    (modo)    .    .    .    sed 
etiam  (verum). 
not  to,  ne. 

not  true,  falsus,  -a,  -um. 
not  wish,  nolle. 
nothing,  nihil,  indecl. 
notice,  animadvertere. 
now,  nunc,  iam  ;   of  the  past, 
tum. 
now  that,  cum  iam. 
Nucerinus,  Nucerlnus,  -i,  m. 
number,  numerus,  -i,  m. 

0 

0,  0. 

oath,  ius  (itiris)  itirandum. 
obey,  parere. 

occasion,  tempus,  -oris,  n. 
occurrence,  res,  rei,  f. 
of,  ex  with  ahl.  ;  {=  concern- 
ing'), de  with  ahl. 

of  a  consul,  consularis,  -e. 

of  age,  use  natus  (Introd.  T). 

of  April,  Aprllis,  -e. 

of  August,  Sextllis,  -e. 

of 'Crotona,  Crotoniensis,  -e. 


of      December,      December, 

-bris,  -bre. 
of  February,  Februarius,  -a, 

-um. 
of  his,  reflex.,  suus,  -a,  -um. 
of   January,    lanuarius,    -a, 

-um. 
of  June,  Tunius,  -a,  -um. 
of  mine,  mens,  -a,  -urn. 
of     November,     November, 

-bris,  -bre. 
of     September,     September, 

-bris,  -bre. 
of  the  popular  party,  popu- 

laris,  -e. 
of    very    different    purport, 

longe  diversus,  -a,  -um. 
of  what  soVt,  qualis,  -e, 
off  guard,  incautus,  -a,  -um. 
office,  dignitas,  -atis,  f.  ;  {place 
of  doing  business) ,  taberna, 
-ae,  F. 
officer,  praepositus,  -I,  m.  ;  prae- 

fectus,  -i,  M. 
official,  magistratus,  -us,  m. 
often,  saepe. 
oil,  oleum,  -i,  n. 
old,  vetus,  -eris  ;  senex,  senis. 
old  age,  senectus,  -utis,  r. 
old  man,  senex,  senis,  m. 
omen,  5men,  -inis,  n. 
on,   in  with  ahl.;  {=  concern- 
ing), de  with  ahl.  ;  use  gen. 
{Exercise  57). 
on  a  charge  of  extortion,  de 

rebus  repetundis. 
on  a  level,  par,  paris. 


on  condition  that 


117 


people 


on   condition   that,    ea    lege 

.  .  .  lit. 
on  every  hand,  undique. 
on  guard,  in  vigilia. 
on     guard     (be),     custodias 

agere. 
on  public  business,  publice. 
on  the  contrary,  quod  contra. 
on     the     day     before     {the 
Calends,      etc.),      pridie, 
abbreviated  pr. 
on  the  way,  in  itinere. 
once,  seniel ;  of  the  past ^  quon- 
dam, 
one,  adj. ,  unus,  -a,  -um  ;  some- 
times untranslated  ;  of  tiro, 
alter,  -tera,  -terum. 
one  by  one,  singuli,  -ae,  -a. 
one     fourth,     quarta     pars 
(partis) . 
one,  pro.,  aliquis,  (-quid)  ;  the 
indefinite  second  singidar. 
only,  tantum. 
open,  aperire. 
opinion,     sententia,    -ae,     f.  ; 

opinio,  -onis,  f. 
opponent,  inimlcus,  -i,  3r. 
opportunity,  occasio,  -onis,  f, 
oppose,  resistere. 

opposed  to  (be),  dissidere  ab 
and  abl. 
or,    aut,   -ve  ;    in    the    second, 
member  of  a  double  ques- 
tion, an. 
orator,  orator,  -oris,  m. 
order,  iubere  (with  infin.)  ;  ini- 
perare  (loith  ut  and  suhj.). 


Orestes,  Orestes,  -is,  m. 

other,  alius,  -a,  -ud. 

other  (the),  others  (the),  ce- 
teri,  -ae,  -a  ;  reliqui,  -ae,  -a. 

otherwise,  aliter. 

ought,  oportere,  debere ;  ge- 
rundive construction. 

our,  noster,  -tra,  -trum  ;  often 
untranslated. 

outdoors,  foras. 

own,  translate  by  emphatic 
position  of  mens,  -a,  -um, 
tuus,  -a,  -um,  etc. 


Paphos,  Paphos,  -i,  f.  ;  name 

of  a  tQvni. 
pardon,  ignoscere. 
parent,  parens,  -entis,  c. 
part,  pars,  partis,  f. 
partake  of,  degustare. 
partisan,  satelles,  -itis,  m. 
pass  (a  decree),  facere. 
pass  a  severe  decree,  severe 
decernere. 
past,  superior,  -ius. 
patrician,  patricius,  -a,  -um. 
patron,  patronus,  -i,  m. 
Paulus,  Paulus.  -i,  m. 
pay,  dare,  pendere. 
I      pay  penalty,  poenas  dare. 
'  peace,*  pax.  pacis,  f. 
I  penalty,  poena,  ae,  f.  ;  suppli- 


cium,  -i,  X. 
people,  populus,  -i,  m.  ;  cives, 
-iuin.  M.  ;  is,  ea,  id  {Exer- 
cise 2  i--^^ . 


perceive 


118 


pride 


perceive,  intellegere. 
perform,  facere. 
performer,  liistrio,  -onis,  m. 
perhaps,     fortasse  ;      forsitan 

{Exercise  28'^^). 
peril,  discrlmen,  -inis,  n. 
personally,  ipse,  -a,  -urn. 
persuade,  persuadere. 
Petreius,  Petreius,  -i,  m. 
Philo,  Philo,  -onis,  m. 
philosopher,  philosophus,  -i,  m. 
phrase,  vox,  vocis,  r. 
Piso,  Piso,  -onis,  m. 
Pistoria,  Pistoria,  -ae,  f. 
pity,  misericordia,  -ae,  f. 
place,  locus,  -i,  m.  (plu.,  loca, 

-orum,  N.)  ;  urbs,  urbis,  r. 
plan,  w.,  consilium,  -i,  n.  ;   in- 

ceptum,  -i,  n. 
plan,  v.,  parare. 
Plato,  Plato,  -onis,  m. 
play,  fabula,  -ae,  f. 
pleasant,  iucundus,  -a,  -um. 
please,  libera. 
pleasing,  gratus,  -a,  -um. 
pleasure,  voluptas,  -atis,  f. 
pledge,  fides,  -ei,  f. 
plenty,  satis. 
plunge  in  among,  incurrere  in 

and  ace. 
point,  locus,  -I,  M.  ;  when  nsed 

literally  of  place,  plu.  loca, 

-orum,  N. 
point  out,  commemorare. 
Pomptinus,  Pomptlnus,  -i,  m. 
poor,     inops,     -opis ;    pauper, 

-eris. 


position,    dignitas,     -atis,    f.  ; 

honor,  -oris,  m. 
possessed  (o/),  praeditus,  -a, 

-um. 
postpone,  differre. 
poverty,  inopia,  -ae,  f. 
power,  (concrete),   opes,   -um, 

F.  ;    (abstract),    potestas, 

-atis,  F. 
practise   medicine,  medicinam 

exercere. 
Praeneste,  Praeneste,  -is,  n. 
praetor,  praetor,  -oris,  m. 
praetorship,  praetura,  -ae,  f. 
praise,  n.,  laus,  laudis,  f. 
praise,  v.,  laudare. 
pray,  optare. 
prayers,  preces,  -um,  f. 
precede,  antecedere. 
precedent,  exemplum,  -T,  n. 
precept,  praeceptum,  -I,  n. 
prefer,      anteponere  ;      malle 

(with  infin.). 
prefer  ...   to,    malle  .  .  . 

quam. 
preferable,  praestabilior,  -ius. 
prepare,  parare. 

prepared,  paratus,  -a,  -um. 
present  (be),  adesse. 
preserve,  servare,  conservare. 
pretence,  simulatio,  -onis,  f. 
pretend,  simulare. 
prevail  upon,  exorare. 
prevent,  impedire,  deterrere. 
previous,  superior,  -ius. 
price,  pretium,  -i,  n. 
pride,  superbia,  -ae,  f. 


priesthood 


119 


recollection 


priesthood,  sacerdotium,  -i,  x. 

private,  privatus,  -a,  -um. 

probable  (be),  veri  simile  esse. 

proceed,  proficisci,  progredi, 
venire. 

proclaim,  afflrmare. 

prominent,  nobilissimus,  -a, 
-um  ;  summus,  -a,  -um. 

promise,  «.,  promissum,  -i,  x. 

promise,  v.,  polliceri. 
promise    to    help,    operam 
polliceri. 

propose,  suadere  ;  (m  the  sen- 
ate)^ censere ;  (a  law), 
ferre. 

proscription,  proscriptio,  -onis, 

F. 

protect,  mtinire,  tegere. 
protection,  tutela,  -ae,  f. 
prove,  probare. 

prove  guilty,  convincere. 
provided  only,  provided  that. 

dummodo,    modo. 
province,  provincia,  -ae,  f. 
prjdence,  priidentia,  -ae,  f. 
public,  publicus,  -a,  -um. 

public  enemy,  hostis,  -is,  m. 

public  office,  honores,  -um,  m. 
publish,  divulgare. 
Publius,  Ptiblius,  -i,  m.;  abbre- 
viated P. 
punishment,    poena,    -ae,    f.  ; 

supplicium,  -i,  x. 
purpose,  w.,  voluntas,  -atis,  f. 
purpose,  v.,  parare. 
put  in  charge  of,  praeponere. 

put  in  command,  praeficere. 


put  in  the  charge  of,  credere 

with  dat. 
put  in  veto,  intercedere. 
put    to    death,    interficere, 

morte   multare. 
put  under  arrest,  in   custo- 
diam  tradere. 
Pylades,  Pylades,  -is,  m. 
Pyrrhus,  Pyrrhus,  -I,  m. 


quarter,  pars,  partis,  f. 
question,  interrogatum,  -i,  n. 
quickly,  celeriter. 
quiet,  remissus,  -a,  -um. 
Quintus,  Quintus,  -i,  m.;  abbre- 
viated Q. 

R 

race,  genus,  -eris,  n. 
raise  {a  force),  comparare. 

raise  a  cry,  clam  are. 
rank,  ordo,  -inis,  3r. 
rashness,  temeritas,  -atis,  f. 
rather  than,  magis  quam  ;  {with 

malle),  quam. 
reach,  pervenire  ad  and  ace. 
read,  legere  ;  {aloud),  recitare. 
readily,  facile,  libenter. 
ready,  paratus,  -a,  -um. 
realize,  sentlre,  videre. 
reap,  demetiri,  percipere. 
reason,  causa,  -ae,  f. 
reasoning,  ratio,  -onis,  f. 
recall  {from  exile),  redticere. 
receive,  accipere,  recipere. 
recollection,  recordatio,  -onis,  f. 


records 


120 


Saguntum 


records,  tabulae,  -arum,  f. 

refer,  referre. 

refuse,    recusare    {lolien   7iega- 

tived,   may  take  infinitive 

construction)  ;  nolle. 
regarding,  de  with  ahl. 
regret,  paenitere. 
regular,    ordinarius,    -a,    -uui ; 

of  arms,  iustus,  -a,  -um. 
reign,  regiiare. 
reject,  repudiare. 
rejoicing,  laetitiae,  -arum,  f. 
relate,  narrare,  dicere. 
relying,  fretus,  -a,  -um. 
remain,   manere,   morari,  per- 

manere. 
remark,  vox,  vocis,  r. 
remarkable,  admirabilis,  -e. 
remember,  meminisse. 
remind,  use  commemorare. 
remnants,  reliquiae,  -arum,  f. 
renew,  renovare. 
repent,  paenitere. 
reply,  n.,  responsum,  -i,  n. 
reply,  v.,  respondere. 
report,  w.,  rumor,  -oris,  m.;  in 

phi.,  sermones,  -um,  m. 
report,  v. ,  def erre,  f erre. 
report  to,  certiorem  facere  de 

and  ahl.  * 

rescue,  jeripere. 
reserve,  reservare. 
resist,  resistere. 
resource,  ops,  opis,  f. 
restore  to,  restituere  in  and  ace. 
result,  exitus,  -us,  m. 
retain,  retinere,  tenere. 


retaks,  recipere. 
return,  n..  reditus,  -us,  m. 
return,  v.  act.,  reddere. 
return,  v.  neuL,  reverti  {active 
in  perfect  tenses,  excepting 
the  pa7't.  TevevsaB);  redire. 
revolution,  res  (rerum)  novae, 
reward,  praemium,  -I,  n. 
Rex,  Rex,  Regis,  m. 
rich,  dives,  -itis. 
right,  ius,  iiiris,  n. 
ripe,  paratus,  -a,  -um. 
rise,  pass,  o/excitare. 
rites,  sacra,  -orum,  n. 
rob,  spoliare. 
Roman,  Romanus,  -a,  -um. 

Romans,  Romani,  -orum,  m. 
Rome,  Roma,  -ae,  f. 
room,  cella,  -ae,  r. 
Roscius,  Roscius,  -i,  m. 
rue  it,  paenitere. 
Rufus,  Rufus,  -i,  M. 
ruined,  perditus,  -a,  -urn. 
rule,  ratio,  -onis,  f. 
rule  over,  imperare. 
rumor,  rumor,  -oris,  m. 
run  for  (office),  petere. 
rush  forth,  erumpere. 


Sabines,  SabinI,  -orum,  m. 
sad,  niaestus,  -a,  -um  ;  tristis,  -e 

{Exercise  16^), 
safe,  tutus,  -a,  -um  ;  use  tuto 

{Exercise  45). 
safety,  salus,  -utis,  f. 
Saguntum,  Saguntum,  -I,  n. 


said 


121 


shout 


said    (be),   pass,    of   arguere 

(Exercise  4^)- 
sake,  causa,  -ae,  f. 
Sallust,  Sallustius,  -i,  m. 
salute,  salutare. 
salvation,  salus,  -utis,  f. 
same.  Idem,  eaclem,  idem, 
same  as,  idem  (eadem,  idem) 
.  .  .  qui  (quae,  quod), 
sanctity,  sancitas,  -atis,  f. 
Sanga,  Sanga,  -ae,  m. 
sate,  explere. 
Saturnalia,     Saturnalia,    -ium 

and  -iorum,  n. 
save,  servare. 

say,    dicere,    exponere,    loqui, 
narrare,  ostendere.  referre. 
say  that  .  .  •  not,  negare. 
Scaevola,  Scaevola,  -ae,  m. 
scatter,  act.,  fundere. 
scatter,  neut.,pccss.  o/dissipare. 
Scaurus,  Scaurus,  -i,  m. 
Scipio,  ScTpio,  -onis,  m. 
seal,  signum,  -i,  x. 
season,  tempus,  -oris,  >-. 
secure,  adj.,  incolumis,  -e. 
secure,    v.,    assequi,    sumere ; 
(forces),  comparare. 
secure  support,  gratiam  sibi 
conciliare. 
see,  videre,  aspicere,  intellegere, 
sentire,  cernere ;  (=meet), 
convenire. 
see  to  it,  curare,  videre. 
seek,  petere,  appetere. 
seem,  videri. 
seize,  capere. 


self,  sui,  sibi. 
sell,  vendere  ;  see  sold. 
Sempronia,  Sempronia,  -ae,  f. 
senate,  senatus,  -us,  m. 

senate  house,  curia,  -ae,  f. 
senator  ,  senator,  -oris,  m. 
send,    mittere ;    (letter),    dai:e 
(ad    a7id    ace) ;     (forth), 
emittere. 
send  back,  remittere. 
sentiment,  sententla,  -ae,  f. 
separate,  secernere. 
Sergius,  Sergius,  -i,  m. 
servant,  servus,  -i,  m. 
serve  out,  servire. 
services,  opera,  -ae,  f. 
Servius,  Servius,  -i,  m.  ;  abbrevi- 
ated Ser. 
sesterce,  sestertius,  -i,  m.  (ge^i. 

plu.,  -ium). 
set  forth,  ostendere. 
set  out,  proficisci. 
several,   aliquot,   indecl. ;   ali- 

qui,  -ae,  -a. 
severe,  acerbus,  -a,  -um. 
severest    (punishment),     ulti- 

mus,  -a,  -um. 
Sextus,  Sextus,  -i,  m.  ;  abbre- 
viated Sex. 
shameful,  foedus,  -a,  -um. 
sharpened,  praeacutus,  -a,  -um. 
she,  see  he. 
ship,  navis,  -is,  f. 
shortly  before,  paulo  ante. 
should,  debere  ;  gerundive  con- 
struction. 
shout,  clamare. 


show 


122 


splendid 


show,  n.,  ostentatio,  -5nis,  f. 
show,    v.,    Qstendere,'  docere, 

demonstrare,  declarare. 
Sicily,  Sicilia,  -ae,  r. 
sick,  aeger,  -gra,  -grum. 
sign,  signal,  signum,  -i,  n. 
Silanus,  Silanus,  -i,  m. 
silence,  silentium,  -i,  n. 
silent  (be),  tacere. 
similar,  similis,  -e. 
simple,  simplex,  -icis. 
since,  conj.,  cum,  quoniam. 
since,  prep.,  post  with  ace. 
Sittius,  Sittius,  -!,  m. 
six  hundred,  sescenti,  -ae,  -a. 
sixth,  sextus,  -a,  -um. 
slaughter,  caedes,  -is,  r. 
slave,     servus,    -i,     m.  ;    plu., 

servitia,  -orum,  n. 
slave  (be  a),  servire. 
slavery,  servitus,  -utis,  f. 
sleep,  somnus,  -i,  m. 
slip  away   from,    clam   relin- 

quere. 
small,  exiguus,  -a,  -um. 
so,    sic,    ita  ;    loith    adjs.    and 

advs.,   tarn;    {=  atid  so), 

itaque,  ita. 
so  .  .  .  as,  ita  .  .  .  ut ;  with 

adjs.  and  advs.,  tarn  .  .  . 

quam. 
so  as  not  to,  ne. 
so  grave    (danger),   tantus, 

-a,  -um, 
so  great,  tantus,  -a,  -um. 
so  greatly,  tantopere. 
so  much,  sic. 


so  that,  ut ;  with  comparative 

in  purpose  clause,  quo. 
so  that  not,  ne. 

Socrates,  Socrates,  -is,  m. 

sold  (be),  venire  ;  see  sell. 

soldier,  miles,  -itis,  m. 

some,  adj.,  quidam,  quaedam, 
quod  dam  ;  aliqui,  -qua, 
-quod ;  with  si,  ne,  num  ; 
qui,  qua,  quod;  (=i  some- 
thing), aliquid  {with  gen.). 

some,  n.,  quidam,  quaedam, 
quaedam  ;  aliquT,  -ae,  -a ; 
nonntilli,  -ae,  -a ;  pauci, 
-ae,  -a ;  omitted  ir^  the 
phrase  '•some  who."* 

somehow,  nescio  quo  pacto. 

someone,  aliquis,  (-quid)  ;  with 
si,  ne,  num;  quis,  (quid). 

something,  aliquid,  -cuius,  n. 

son,  filius,  -i,  m. 

soon,  mox,  brevi  tempore. 

sort,  modus,  -i,  m. 

soul,  animus,  -i,  m. 

sound,  temptare. 

Spain,  Hispania,  -ae,  f. 

spare,  parcere. 

speak,  dicere,  loqui,  disserere  ; 
(m  the  senate),  sententiam 
dicere. 
speak    to,    loqui    cum    and 
abl. 

spear,  sparus,  -i,  m. 

speech,  oratio,  -onis,  f. 

speed,  celeritas,  -atis,  f. 

splendid,  praeclarus,  -a,  -um  ; 
amplus,  -a,  -um. 


spread 


sword 


spread,  part. ,  stratus,  -a,  -uni. 

spread,  v.  act.,  dlvulgare. 

spread,  v.  neiit.,  percrebescere. 

spring,  oriri. 

stained,  cruentus,  -a,  -um, 

stake,  sudis,  -is,  f. 

stand,  stare. 

stand  for  (office),  peters, 
stand  in  need,  nse  opus  esse. 
stand  one's  ground,  resistere. 

start,  iter  facere. 

startled,  commotus,  -a,  -um. 

state,  71.,  civitas,  -atis,  f.;  res 
(rei)  ptiblica. 

state,  y.,  referre. 

Statilius,  Statilius,  -I,  m. 

station,  collocare,  ponere. 

Stator,  Stator,  -oris,  m. 

statue,  signum,  -i,  x, 

steadfastness,  c5nstantia,  -ae,  f. 

still,  adhuc;  (=  nevertheless), 
tamen, 

stir,    movere ;    afficere    {Exer- 
cise 28^). 

stop,  subsistere. 

storm,  tempestas,  -atis,  f. 

story,  rumor,  -oris,  m.  ;  fama, 
-ae,  F. 

strangle,  gulam   laqueo    frau- 
gere. 

strength,  vires,  -ium,  f. 

strengthen,  confirmare. 

stringent,  acer,  -ris,  -re. 

stronger  (guard),  maior,  maius. 

style,  genus,  -eris,  x. 
style    of    speaking,    serrao, 
-onis,  M. 


subdue,  devincere,  oppriraere. 
subject  to,  imponere  icith  ace. 
of  the  thing  and  dat.  of 
the  person. 

such  (a),  adj.,  talis,  -e. 

such,  adv..  tam, 

such  great,  tautus,  -a,  -um, 

sudden,  subitus,  -a,  -um. 

suddenly,  subito. 

suffer  harm.  pass,  o/nocere. 
suffer    injury,    detrimentum 
accipere. 

suffering,  supplicium,  -i,  x. 

sufficient,  satis. 

suggestion,  admonitu  (rare  ex- 
cepting in  abl.). 

suited,  accomodatus,  -a,  -um  ; 
decorus,  -a,  -um  (Exer- 
cise 19^^). 

Sulla,  Sulla,  -ae,  m. 

Sulpicius,  Sulpicius,  -i,  m. 

summon,  arcessere,  vocare. 

superior  (be),  praestare. 

supply  (with),  iustruere. 

support,  n.,  gratia,  -ae,  f. 

support,  v.,  adiuvare. 

suppress,  opprimere. 

surely,  certo. 

surpass,  superare. 

surrender,  se  dedere,  se  tra- 
dere. 

surround, ,  circumdare. 

suspect,  suspicari. 

suspicion,  suspicio,  -onis,  r. 

swear,  iurare. 

sweet,  dulcis,  -e. 

sword,  gladius,  -i,  m. 


sworn  statement 


124 


the 


sworn   statement,    ius   (iuris) 

ifirandum. 
Syracuse,  Syracusae,  -arum,  f. 


tablet,  tabula,  -ae,  f. 
take,  capere,  sumere  ;  (from), 
auferre. 
take  away,  abstrabere,  tol- 

lere,   auferre. 
take  back  to,  ferre  ad  and  ace. 
take  down  {in  ^vriting),  per- 

scribere. 
take    field    against,    bellum 

Inferre  and  dat. 
take  from,  eripere. 
take    off    guard,    incautum 

(-os)    opprimere. 
take  one's  stand,  consistere. 
take  pains,  operam  dare,  cu- 

ram  adhibere. 
take  place,   fieri,    esse;    of 
elections,  pass.  0/ habere. 
take  pleasure,  gaudere. 
take  seat,  sedere,  ire  sessum. 
take  up  arms,  arma  sumere, 

capere. 
take  up  residence,  liabitare. 
Tarentum,  Tarentum,  -i,  n. 
Tarquinius,  Tarquinius,  -i,  m. 
taxes,  vectigalia,  -ium,  n. 
teach,  docere. 
tear,  lacrima,  -ae,  f. 
tell,   narrare,    exponere,    nun- 
tiare,  deferre,  dicere ;  (  = 
knoio) ,  intellegere ;  (  =  hid) , 
orare. 


temple,  aedes,  -is,  f.  ;  tem- 
pi um,  -I,  N. 

ten,  decem,  indecl. 

Terentia,  Terentia,  -ae,  f. 

testify,  indicare. 

testimony,  testimonium,  -i,  n. 

than,  quam, 

thank,  gratias  agere. 

thanksgiving,  supplicatio, 

-on is,    F. 

that,  conj. ;  purpose.,  result.,  sub- 
stantive, ut;  purpose,  quo 
Qwith  compar.),  gratia, 
causa;  substantive,  quod; 
with  verbs  of  fearing,  ne  ; 
tvith  non  dubitare,  etc., 
quill  (Introd.  S7)  ;  often 
2intrcmslated. 
that  no,  ne;   ne  quis  (^qui), 

qua,  quid  (quod). 
that  not,  ne;  with  verbs  of 
fearing,   ut    and    ne  non, 
the    latter    after    negative 
expressions. 
that  nothing,  ne  quid. 
that  some  (thing),  with  verbs 
of  fearing,  ne  quid. 

thsit,  demon,  pro.,  ille,  -a,  -ud  ; 
is,  ea,  id  ;  liic,  haec,  hoc  ; 
at  the  beginning  of  a  sen- 
tence often  qui,  quae, 
quod. 
that  which,  id  quod,  ea  quae. 

that,  rel.pro.,  qui,  quae,  quod. 

the,  usually  untranslated ;  hie, 
haec,  hoc ;  is,  ea,  id ;  ille, 
-a,  -ud. 


the  city 


125 


to 


the  city,  Koma,  -ae,  f.  {Exer- 
cise 43)- 
the    nearer  ...  the  better, 
quo  propius  .  .  .  eo    me- 
lius. 
the     same,     idem,     eadem, 
idem. 
theft,  furtum,  -i,  x. 
their,       often      untranslated; 
eorum ;    reflex.^    suiu     -a, 
-um. 
themselves,   ipsi,    -ae,  -a;    re- 
flex.^ sui,  sibi. 
then,  turn,  deinde,  tunc, 
thence,  inde. 
there,  ibi ;  at  the  beginning  of 

a  sentence,  ubi. 
there  {is,  icere,  etc.),  untrans- 
lated. 
there   are    some,    sunt   qui, 
quae,  quae, 
thereafter,  postea. 
thereby,  quo   verbo  (Exercise 

65). 
therefore,      quare,      quocirca, 

itaque  ;  igitur. 
thereupon,  turn  denique. 
these,  see  this. 
Thessalonica,       Thessalonica, 

-ae,  F. 
Thessaly,  Thessalia,  -ae,  f. 
they,  ei,  eae,  ea  ;  illi,  -ae,  -a  ; 
at  the  beginning  of  a  sen- 
tence,    qui,    quae,    quae ; 
often  untranslated  ;  reflex., 
sui,  sibi. 
thick,  conferti,  -ae,  -a. 


thing,  res,  rel,  f.  ;  (is,  ea),  id  ; 

sometimes  untranslated. 
think,   putare,   arbitrari,    reri, 
iudicare,    existimare,   sen- 
tire,  credere, 
think  more  highly  of,  forms 
o/plus  (pliiris)  and  facere. 
third,  tertius,  -a,  -um. 
thirty,  triginta,  indecl. 
this,  hic,  haec,  hoc  ;  is,  ea,  id  ; 
iste,-a,  -ud  ;  ille,  -a,  -ud ;  at 
the  beginning  of  a  sentence 
often  qui,  quae,  quod. 
this     same,    Idem,    eadem, 
idem, 
thither,  eo  ;    at  the  beginning 

of  a  sentence,  quo. 
those,  see  that. 

though,  cum,  quamquam,  etsi ; 

quamvis,  licet,  etiam  si ;  si. 

thousand,   mille,    indecl.  adj.; 

milia,  -ium,  x. 
threaten,  minari. 
three  hundred,  trecenti,  -ae,  -a. 
through,  per  v;ith  ace. 
thus,  ita. 

Tiberius,  Tiberius,  -i,  m  ;   ab- 
breviated Ti. 
time,  tempus,  -oris,  x. ;  otium, 

-1,  X.  {Exercise  25 1-) . 
Titus,   Titus,    -i,    3r. ;     abbre- 
viated T. 
to,   conj.,  ut,  e5  consilio  .  .  . 
ut ;  ad«»fZ  gerundive;  rel- 
ative clause  of  purpose. 
to  be  sure.  sanS. 
to  say  nothing  of,  nedum. 


to 


126 


unite 


to,  pj'cp.,  ad,  in  with  ace. 

to  the  advantage  of  (be),  in- 
teresse. 

to  the  house  of,  ad  with  ace. 
of  personal  or  reflex,  pro. 

to  the  interest  of  (be),  inter- 
esse. 

to  the  same  place,  eodem. 

to  which,  quo. 
to-day,  hodie. 
toga,  vestis,  -is,  r. 
toil,  labor,  -oris,  m. 
tongue,  lingua,  -ae,  f. 
too,  quoque. 
too  soon,  maturius. 
Torquatus,  Torquatus,  -i,  m. 
toward,  in  loith  ace,  or  objec- 
tive gen. 
town,   oppidum,  -I,   n.  ;  mtini- 

cipium,  -1,  No 
trade,  negotiari. 
trader  (be  a),  negotiari. 
train,  exercere. 

trained,  institiitus,  -a,  -um. 
training,  exercitatio,  -onis,  r. 
transact,  conficere,  transigere. 
travel,  proficisci. 
treachery,  fraus,  fraudis,  f. 
tree  trunk,  truncus,  -T,  m. 
^      trial,  iudicium,  -i,  n. 

tribunate,  tribunatus,  -iis,  m. 
tried  {soldier),  veteranus,    -a, 

-um. 
troops,  copiae,  -arum,  f. 
trophy,  palma,  -ae,  r. 
trouble,  labor,  -oris,  m. 

troubles,  res,  rerum,  f. 


true,  verus,  -a,  -um. 

trust,  confidere,  fidem  habere. 

truth,  Veritas,  -atis,  f. 

try,  conari ;  (at  law),  in  indi- 
cium vocare. 

Tullianum,  Tullianum,  -I,  n. 

Tullius,  Tullius,  -i,  m. 

Tullus,  Tullus,  -1,  M. 

turn,  se  vertere. 

turn  out  well,  feliciter  eve- 
nire. 

twelfth,  duodecimus,  -a,  -um. 

twenty,  viginti,  indecl. 

two,  duo,  -ae,  -o. 

tyrant,  tyrannus,  -I,  m. 

U 

Umbrenus,  Umbrenus,  -i,  m. 
unabashed,  audax,  -acis. 
unable  (be),  nequire. 
unanimously,   omnibus  suffra- 
ges. 
uncertain,  incertus,  -a,  -um. 
undecided  (be),  dubitare. 
under,  of  rest,  sub  with  ahl. 
under  guard,    cum   custodi- 

bus. 
under  guardianship  (protec- 
tion), in  tutela. 
understand,  intellegere. 
undertake,  suscipere. 
undertake    defence,   causara 
defendere. 
unfailing,  certus,  -a,  -um. 
unfriendly,  inimicus,  -a,  -um. 
unite,   coniungere    (cum    and 
ahl.). 


universal 


127 


what 


universal,  universus,  -a,  -um. 
unjust,  iniquus,  -a,  -um. 
unless,  nisi. 
unprincipled,  nefarius,  -a,  -um. 
unsuccessful,  irritus,  -a,  -um.  ^ 
until,  donee,  dum  ;  in,  ad  with 
ace. 

unwilling  (be),  nolle. 

unworthy,  indignus,  -a,  -um. 

upright,  probus,  -a,  -um. 

uprising,  tumultus,  -us,  m. 

urge,  hortari,  cohortari ;    con- 
tendere {Exercise  62). 

use,  ntl. 

used  (be),  solere. 

utter,  edere. 


valor,  virtus,  -utis,  f. 
Vargunteius,  Vargunteius,  -i,  m 
various,  diversi,  -ae,  -a. 
venture,  audere. 
very,  adj.,  ipse,  -a,  -um. 
very,    adv.,  magnopere ;    com- 
parative degree. 
very  uncertain  (be),  parum 

con  stare. 
very  useful,  pertitilis,  -e. 
Vettius,  Vettius,  -i,  m. 
victorious,  victor,  -oris,  used  as 
adj. 
victorious  (be),  vincere. 
victory,  victoria,  -ae,  f. 
view,  sententia,  -ae,  f.  ;  opinio, 

-onis,  F. 
vile  deed,  facinus,  -inoris,  n. 
virtue,  virtus,  -utis,  f. 


visit,  ire  ad  and  ace. 

visit  with  punishment,  af- 
ficere  and  ahl. 
Volcatius,  Volcatius,  -i,  m. 
Volturcius,  Volturcius,  -i,  m. 
vote,  71.,  suffragium,  -i,  n. 
vote,  v.,  decernere. 

W 

wage  war,  bellum  gerere. 

wait  (for),  expectare. 

wall,  miirus,  -i,  m. 

want,  velle. 

war,  bellum,  -i,  n. 

ward  off,  depellere. 

warn,  monere,  admonere. 

watch,  «.,  vigilia,  -ae,  f. 

watch,  v.,observare;  {  =  guard^ 

custodire. 
water,  aqua,  -ae,  f. 
way,  ratio,  -onis,  f.  ;   modus, 

-1,  M. 

way  of  approaching,  aditus, 

-us,  M. 

we,  nos,  nostrum  and  nostri  ; 

often  untranslated. 
weak,  mflrmus,  -a,  -um. 
wealth,  divitiae,  -arum,  f. 
weapon,  telum,  -i,  n. 
wear,  gerere. 
weight,  pondus,  -eris,  n, 
weighty,  gravis,  -e. 
well,  bene  ;  certo  {Exercise  55). 

well-known,  nobilis,  -e. 

well  supplied  (be),  abundare. 
what,  compound  rel,  ea  quae, 
or  quae  alone. 


what 


128 


word 


what,  inter,  and  exclamatory^ 

qui,    quae,    quod    {adj.)  ; 

quis,  quae,  quid  («.)• 
what  pray,  quidnam. 
what  sort  (of),  qualis,  -e. 
whatsoever,  quicumque,  quae- 

cumque,  quodcumque. 
when    {temporal)^   cum,  post- 

quam,    ubi,    ut,    quo    qui- 

dem     tempore ;      (conces- 
sive)., cum. 
when  once,  cum  iam. 
where,  ubi ;  (=  whither),  quo. 
whether,    num    (loith    neutral 

force  in  indirect  questions) . 
whether  ...  or   (whether), 

utrum  .  .  .  an. 
whether  ...  or  not,  utrum 

.    .    .    necne    (in    indirect 

questions). 
which    (of   two),    inter,    pro., 

uter,  -tra,  -trum. 
which,  rel.pro. ,  qui,  quae,  quod. 
while,  cum,  dum  ;  (=  so  long 

as),    donee;    adversative, 

autem. 
whither,  quo. 
who,   inter,   pro.,    quis;  quae, 

(quid). 
who,  rel.  pro.,  qui,  quae,  quod, 
whole,  totus,  -a,  -um. 
why,  ciir,  quid, 
wicked,  malus,  -a,  -um. 
wickedness,  scelus,  -eris,  n. 
wife,  uxor,  -oris,  f. 
will,  testamentum,  -i,  n. 
willing  (be),  velle. 


willingly,  libenter. 
win  approval,  pass,  o/probari. 
wine,  vinum,  -i,  n. 
wisdom,  sapientia,  -ae,  f. 
wise  (man),  sapiens,  -entis,  m. 
wish,  velle. 

with,  cum  with  abl.  ;  so  pari- 
ter  cum,  simul  cum,   and 
una  cum. 
with  joy,  laetus,  -a,  -um. 
with  regard  to,  de  with  abl. 
with      resignation,      aequo 
animo. 
withdraw,   secedere,    se    reci- 

pere,  recedere. 
within,  adv.,  intus. 
within,  prep.,  inter  with  ace. 
without,    sine   with   abl.;    use 
neque  (Exercise  57). 
without  (be),  carere. 
without  a  trial,  causa  indicta. 
without  difficulty,  facile. 
without  experience,  imperi- 
tus,  -a,  -um. 
withstand,  resistere. 
witness,  testis,  -is,  c.  ;  index, 

-icis,  c. 
wonderful,  mirabilis,  -e. 
word,  n.,  verbum,  -i,  n.  ;  dic- 
tum, -i,  N. ;  sometimes  un- 
translated;    (=  message), 
nuntius,   -i,    m. 
word  arrive,  pass,   of  niin- 

tiare. 
words,  sententiae,  -arum,  f.  ; 
v5x,    vocis,    F.    (Exercise 
11^). 


word 


129 


youth 


word,  v.,  scribere. 
work,  n.,  opus,  -eris,  n*. 
work  hard  (for),  operam  assi- 
due  dare(i<?i«/i  ut  and  siibj.). 
workmen,  operarii,  -orum,  m. 
worth  more  (be),  forms  of  esse 
and  plus  (pltiris). 
worth    while    (be),    operae 
pretium    esse;    forms    of 
esse  and  tantus,  -a,  -uiu. 
worthy,  dignus,  -a,  -ura. 
would,  velle. 

would  that,  utinam. 
wound,  vulnus,  -eris,  n. 
wrest,  eripere. 
wretch,  scelestus,  -i,  m. 
wretched,  miser,  -era,  -erum. 
write,  scribere. 

write  out,  perscribere. 
writing,  gerund  of  scribere. 
writings,  scripta,  -orum,  y. 


wrong,  iniuria,  -ae,  f.;    delic- 
tum, -i,  N. 


year,  annus,  -i,  m. 
yet,  tamen. 

yet  .  .  .  not,  neque  tamen. 
yield,  permittere. 
you,  tu,  tui ;  v5s,  vestrum  and 

vestri;  often  untranslated. 
young  (man),  adulescens,  -en- 

tis,  M. 
your,    tuus,    -a,    -um ;    vester, 

-tra,  -trum. 
yourself,     reflex.,     tui,     tibi ; 

vestri,  vobis. 
youth,   (concrete),   adulescens, 

-entis,  31.;  iuvenis, -is,  m.; 
{abstract),      adulescentia, 

-ae,   F. 


LIST  OF  VERBS. 

Obvious  compounds  of  verbs  ui  common  use  are  listed  under  the 

simple  verbs.' 


adipiscor,  3,  adeptus  sum. 
ago,  3,  egl,  actus ;  so  perago. 

exigo,     3,    -egl,    -actus;    so 
transigo. 
aperio,  4,  aperui,  apertus. 
arcesso,  3,  arcessivi,  arcessitus. 
ardeo,  2,  arsi,  arstirus. 

exardesco,  3,  -arsi,  -arstirus. 
argu5,  3,  argui. 
aspicio,  3,  aspexi,  aspectus. 
audeo,  2,  ausus  sum. 
augeo,  2,  auxi,  auctus. 

cado,  3,  cecidi,  casurus. 

accido,  3,  -cidi ;  so  concido, 

incido  (incasurus). 
caedo,  3,  cecidi,  caesus. 

abscido,   3,  -cidi,  -cisus;   so 

incido,  occido. 
capio,  3,  cepi,  captus. 

accipio,  3,  -cepi,  -ceptus;  so 

excipio,  incipio,  intercipio, 

percipio,  praecipio,  recipio, 

suscipio. 
caveo,  2,  cavi,  cauturus. 
cedo,  3,  cessi,  cessiim  (est);  so 

antecedo,     excedo,     inter- 

cedo,   recede,   secedo. 


censeo,  2,  censui,  census, 
cerno,  3,  crevi. 
decerno,  3,  -crevi,  -cretus  ;  so 

secerno. 
claudo,  3,  clausi,  clausus. 
coepi,  coepisse,  coeptus. 
cogo,  3,  coegi,  coactus. 
colo,  3,  colui,  cultus. 

incolo,  3,  -colui. 
comperio,  4,  comperi,  comper- 

tus. 
coutemno,  3,  contempsi  (-tem- 

si),  contemptus. 
crebesco,  3,  crebui ;  so  percre- 

becso. 
credo,  3,  credidi,  creditus. 
cresco,  3,  crevi,  cretus. 
cupio,  3,  cupivi,  cupitus. 
curro,  3,  cucurri,  cursum  (est) . 
incurro,  3,  -curri  (-cucurri), 

-cursum  (est). 
succurro,  3,  -curri,  -cursum 

(est). 

defends,  3,  defendi,  defensus. 
deleo,  2,  delevi,  deletus. 
dico,  3,  dixi,  dictus ;   so  prae- 
dico. 


130 


List  of  Verbs. 


131 


disco,  3,  didicl. 

divide,  3,  divisi,  divisus, 

do,  dare,  dedi,  datus;  so  cir- 

cumdo. 
addo,    3,    -didi,    -ditus;    so 

dedo,   edo,   perdo,    reddo, 

trado. 
doceo,  2,  dociii,  doctus. 
dtico,  3,  d0.xi,  ductus ;    so  ad- 

diico,  deduco,  indtico,  in- 

trodiico,  perduco,  prodtico, 

reduco. 

emo,  3,  emi,  emptus. 
eo,  ire,  ivi,  itum  (est). 

abeo,  -ire,  -ii,   -itum  (est)  ; 

so  exeo,  redeo. 
adeo,  -Ire,  -il,  -itus  ;  so  ineo, 
subeo,  transeo. 
expleo,  2,  explevi,  expletus. 
extinguo,  3,  extinxi,  extinctus. 

facio,  3,  feci,  factus  ;  so  pate- 
facio,  vacuefacio  ;  passive^ 
fio. 
aflQcio,  3,  -feci,  -fectus  ;  so 
conficio,  deficio,  efiQcio,  in- 
terficio,  perficio,  praeficio. 
fateor,  2,  fassus  sum. 

confiteor,  2,  -fessus  sum. 
faveo,  2,  favi,  fauturus. 
ferio,  4,  (percussi,  percussus). 
fero,  ferre.  tuli,  latus  ;  so  de- 
fero,  perfero,  profero,  re- 
fero  (rettuli). 
affero,  -ferre,  attuli,  allatus. 


aufero,    -ferre,    abstuli,    ab- 
latus. 

confero,  -ferre,  contuli,  colla- 
tus. 

differo,  -ferre,  distuli,  dilatus. 

infero,  -ferre,  -intuli,  illatus. 

offero,  -ferre,  obtull,  oblatus. 

refert,  -ferre,  -tulit. 
fido,  3,  fisus  sum  ;  so  confido. 
figo,  3,  fixi,  fixus  ;  so  defigo. 
fio,  fieri,  factus  sum. 
fluo,  3,  fiuxi,  fluxus  {as  adj.). 
frango,  3,  fregi,  fractus. 
fruor,  3,  friictus  sum  ;  so  per- 

fruor. 
fugio,  3,  fugi,  fugitiinis. 

effugio,  3,  -fiigi ;  so  perfugio. 
funds,  3,  fMi,  fusus. 
fungor,  3,  functus  sum. 

gaudeo,  2,  gavisus  sum. 
gero,  3,  gessi,  gestus. 
gradior,  3,  gressus  sum. 

congredior,  3,  -gressus  sum ; 

so  egredior,  ingredior,  pro- 

gredior. 

habeo,  2,  habui,  habitus, 
adhibeo,  2,  -hibui,  -hibitus. 

iacio,  3,  ieci,  iactus. 
adicio,    3,    -ieci,   -iectus ;    so 

conicio,  eicio,  inicio. 
iubeo,  2,  iussi,  iussus. 
iungo,    3,    iunxi,    iunctus ;    so 

coniungo,  disiungo. 
iuvo,  1,  iuvi,  iutus;  so  adiuvo. 


132 


List  of  Verbs. 


labor,  3,  lapsus  sum. 
laedo,  3,  laesi,  laesus. 
lego,  3,  legl,  lectus ;  so  deligo, 
eligo. 
diligo,    3,   -lexi,    -lectus ;   so 
intellego. 
licet,  2,  licuit  (licitum  est), 
linquo,  3,  liqui. 

derelinquo,  3,  -liqui,  -lictus  ; 
so  relinquo. 
loquor,  3,  locutus  sum. 
luceo,  2,  Kixi. 

dilucesco,  3,  -luxi. 

maere5,  2. 

malo,  malle,  malui. 

maneo,  2,  mansi,  manstirus  ;  so 

permaneo. 
memini,  meminisse. 
mgtior,  4,  mensus  sum  ;  so  de- 

metior. 
metuO,  3,  metui. 
misceo,  2,  miscui,  mixtus. 
mittO,     3,     misi,     missus ;     so 

amitto,   admitto,    demitto, 

dimitto,  emittO,  intromitto, 

omitto,  permitto,  proraitto, 

remitto. 
morior,   3,    mortuus   sum ;    so 

emorior. 
moveo,    2,    movi,    motus ;    so 

commoveO. 


uascor,  3,  natus  sum. 

noceO,  2,  nocui,  nocitum  (est). 

nolo,  nolle,  noluT. 


n5sco,     3,     novi,     notus ;     so 
ignosco  (ignoturus). 
cognosco,  3,  -gnovi,  -gnitus. 

obliviscor,  3,  obiitus  sum. 
operio,  4,  operui,  opertus. 
orior,  4,  ortus  sum. 


parco,  3,  peperci  (parsi),  par- 

surus. 
pareo,  2,  parui,  paritiirus. 
patior,  3,  passus  sum. 
pello,  3,  pepuli,  pulsus. 

depello,  3,  -puli,  -pulsus  ;   so 

expello,  impello. 
pendeo,  2,  pependi. 

impendeo,  2. 
pendo,  3,  pependi,  pensus. 
pergo,    3,    perrexi,    perrectum 

(est). 
peto,  3,  petivi  (-ii),  petltus  ;  so 

appeto,  repeto. 
placet,    2,    placuit    (placitum 

est). 
p5n5,    3,    posul,    positus ;    so 

antepono,  depono,  expono, 

impon5,  praepono. 
posco,  3,  poposci. 
possum,  posse,  potui. 
prehendo,    3,    prehendl,    pre- 

hensus  ;   so  comprehends, 

deprehendo. 
prem5,  3,  pressi,  pressus. 
opprim5,  3,  -pressi,  -pressus  ; 

so  reprimO. 
proficiscor,  3,  profectus  sum. 


List  of  Verbs. 


133 


quaero,  3,  quaeslvi,  quaesitus. 

anquiro,  8,  -quisivi,  -quisitas. 
queo,  quire,  quivi. 

nequeo,  -quire, 
queror,  3,  questus  sum. 

rapio,  3,  rapul,  raptus. 

eripio,  3,  -ripui,  -reptus. 
reor,  "2,  ratus  sum. 
reperio,  4,  repperl,  repertus. 
rumpo,    3,    rupl,    ruptus  j    so 
erumpo. 

scando,  3,  scandi,  scansus. 
descendo,  3,   -scendi,    -scen- 
sum  (est), 
scio,  4,  scivi,  scitus. 

nescio,  4,  -scivi  or  -scii. 
scribo,  3,  scrips!,  scriptus  ;  so 
describo,     inscrlbo,      per- 
scribo,  praescribo. 
sedeo,  2,  sedi,  sessurus. 
dissideo,  2,  -sedi. 
obsideo,  2,  -sedi,  -sessus. 
sentio,  4,  sens!,  sensus  ;  so  as- 
sentior  {deponent). 
praesentio,  4,  -sensi,  -sensum 
(est), 
sequor,  3,  sectitus  sum  ;  so  as- 
sequor,   consequor,  perse- 
quor. 
sero,  3. 

deser5,  3,  -serui,  -sertus. 
dissero,  3,  -serui. 
sino,  3,  sivi,  situs. 
desino,  3,  -sii,  -situs. 


sisto,  3, ,  staturus. 

consisto,  3,  -stiti ;  so  desisto, 
resisto,  subsists, 
soleo,  2,  solitus  sum. 
solvo,  3,  solvi,  solutus ;  so  ab- 
solve, 
spondeo,  2,  spopondi,  sponsus. 
respondeo,  2,  -spondi,  -spon- 
sus. 
statuo,  3,  statui,  statiitus. 
constituo,  3,  -stitui,  -stitutus ; 
so  iustituo,  restituo. 
sto,  1,  steti,  statum  (est). 

consto,  1,  -stiti ;  so  praesto. 
strings,  3,  strinxi,  strictus  ;  so 

astringo. 
struo,  3,  struxi,   strtictus ;    so 

instruo. 
suadeo,  2,  suasi,  suasum  (est)  ; 

so  persuade  o. 
sum,    esse,    fui,    f uturus ;     so 
desum,  intersum. 
absum,  -esse,  afui,  afuturus. 
adsum,  -esse,  affui,  affuturus. 
sumo,  3,  sumpsi,  stimptus. 
surgo,  3,  surrexi,  surrecturus. 


tango,  3,  tetigi,  tactus. 

contingo,  3,  -tigi,  -tactus. 
tego,  3,  texi,  tectus  ;  so  detego. 
tends,  3,  tetendi,tensus  (tentus). 

contends,  3,  -tendi,  -tentus. 

ostendS,    3,    -tendi,    -tensus 
(-tentus). 
teneS,  2,  tenui. 

obtineS,   2,    -tinui,    -tentus; 
so  retineo,  sustineS. 


134 


List  of  Verbs. 


timeo,  2,  timul. 

tolls,  3,  (sustull,  sublatus). 

traho,  3,  traxi,  tractus  ;  so  abs- 

traho,  retraho. 
tribuo,  3,  tribul,  tributus. 
tueor,  2,  tuitus  sum. 


utor,  3,  usus  sum. 

vado,  3. 

evado,  3,  -vasT,  -vasum  (est), 
valeo,  2,  valui,  valiturus. 
veho,  3,  vexi,  vectus. 
vendo,  3,  -didi,  -ditus. 
veneo,  -ire,  -ivi  (-ii). 
venio,  4,  veni,  ventum   (est)  ; 


so    advenio,    evenio,    per- 
venio,  provenio,  subvenio. 
convenio,  4,  -veni,  -veiitus  ; 
so  invenio. 

verto,  3,  verti,  versus ;  so  averto, 
animadverto,  reverter  {de- 
ponent;  hut  active  in  the 
perfect  tenses^  excepting  the 
part,  reversus). 

video,  2,  vidi,  visus ;    so   pro- 
video, 
invideo,  2,  -vidi,  -visus  (as 
adj.). 

vinco,  3,  vici,  victus  ;  so  con- 
vinco,  devinco. 

vivo,  3,  vixi,  victum  (est). 

vols,  velle,  volui. 


LIST  OF  ADJECTIVES  AND  ADVERBS, 


I.   ADJECTIVES. 


acer,  acrior,  acerrimus. 
aeger,  aegrior,  aegerrimus. 
bonus,  melior,  optimus. 
celer,  celerior,  celerrimus, 
difficilis,     difficilior,     difficilli- 

mus. 
dives,  divitior,  divitissimus. 
(exter),      exterior,     extremus 

(extimus). 
facilis,  facilior,  facilliraus. 

falsus,  ,  falsissimus. 

inferus,   inferior,   infimus  and 

imus. 
iuvenis,  iunior,  (minimus  natti) . 
magnus,  maior,  maximus. 
malus,  peior,  pessimus. 
mattirus,    maturior,  matiirissi- 

mus  and  maturrimus. 
miser,  miserior,  miserrimus. 


multus,  plus,  plurimus. 
novus,   (recentior),  novissimus 

{'last'). 
parvus,  minor,  minimus, 
pauper,    pauperior,     pauperri- 

mus. 
posterus,  posterior,  postremus 

(postumus). 
(prae),  prior,  primus, 
(prope),  propior,  proximus. 
salMaris.  saliitarior. 
senex,  senior,  (maximus  natu). 
similis,  similior,  simillimus. 
superus,     superior,    supremus 

and  summus. 
taeter,  taetrior,  taeterrimus. 
(ultra),  ulterior,  ultimus. 
vetus,  vetustior,  veterrimus. 


II.   ADVEKBS. 


acriter,  acrius,  acerrime. 
bene,  melius,  optime. 
celeriter,  celerius,  celerrime. 
diu,  dilitius,  diutissime. 
facile,  facilius,  facillime. 

falso, ,  falsissime. 

libere,  liberius,  liberrime. 
magnopere,  magis,  maxime. 


male,  peius,  pessime. 

mature,  maturius,  maturissime 

and  matiirrime. 
multum,  plus,  plurimum. 
parum,  minus,  minime. 

,  prius,  primum. 

prope,  propius,  proxime. 
saepe,  saepius,  saepissime. 
135 


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